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Stack #171417

Genetics terms

QuestionAnswer
ALLELES Genes that occupy the same position on homologous (similar) chromosomes
CHROMOSOME Thread like structure found in the nucleus of cells and containing genetic material
DNA Chemical which makes up the genetic code (Made up of phosphate units, sugar units and 4 types of bases)
DOMINANT A gene that is "stronger" than another allele and shows up if it is present
GAMETES Sex cells, e.g. the sperm and the ovum (egg)
GENE Unit of hereditary material responsible for the inheritance of ONE factor
GENOTYPE This is the actual pattern of alleles for a particular feature, e.g. The genotype for a wrinkled pea is rr. The genotype of a round pea is either RR or Rr
HETEROZYGOUS A pair of alleles that carry two different forms of a characteristic, e.g. Hh
HOMOZYGOUS A pair of alleles that are the same, e.g. HH or hh
MEIOSIS Cell division which halves the double (diploid) number of chromosomes (46 for man) to the single (haploid) number (23 for man)
MITOSIS Usual process of cell division which results in new cells having the same chromosomes as the original cell
MONOHYBRID CROSS This is a straight forward cross involving only one pair of genes or alleles
PHENOTYPE This is the actual appearance, e.g. round or wrinkled pea, resulting from the action of its genes
PUNNET SQUARE This is the name given to the grid of squares that may be drawn to show the range of combinations of genes that may occur
RECESSIVE A gene that is "weaker" and only shows up if the dominant form is not present
SYMBOLS Use a CAPITAL letter for the dominant gene of the pair and the same small letter for the recessive gene, e.g. R for round pea and r for wrinkled pea, where round is dominant and wrinkled is recessive
ZYGOTE Fertilised ovum
Created by: JoS
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