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Bio12CellTransportSM
SLS Bio 12 Cell Transport SM
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Active Transport | The movement of a substance across a membrane from a region of its lower concentration to a region of its higher concentration against a concentration gradient, using energy in the form of ATP. |
| Carrier Protein | A protein that transports specific substance through intracellular compartments, into the extracellular fluid, or across the cell membrane. |
| Cell Membrane | The outer covering of the cell consisting of a lipid bilayer with proteins embedded in it. |
| Channel Protein | A channel protein is a protein that allows the transport of specific substances across a cell membrane |
| Concentration gradient | from higher concentration to lower concentration |
| Diffusion | The passive movement of molecules or particles along a concentration gradient, or from regions of higher to regions of lower concentration. |
| Endocytosis | A process in which cell takes in materials from the outside by engulfing and fusing them with its plasma membrane |
| Exocytosis | the transport of material out of a cell by means of a sac or vesicle that first engulfs the material and then is extruded through an opening in the cell membrane |
| Facilitated transport | A form of passive transport in which materials are moved across the plasma membrane by a transport protein down their concentration gradient ; hence, it does not require energy. |
| Fluid-mosaic membrane model | The plasma membrane is described to be fluid because of its hydrophobic integral components such as lipids and membrane proteins that move laterally or sideways throughout the membrane. That means the membrane is not solid, but more like a 'fluid'. |
| Glycolipid | a lipid containing carbohydrate groups |
| Glycoprotein | proteins with covalently attached sugar units |
| Hydrophillic | water loving |
| Hydrophobic | water fearing |
| Hypertonic | Having a higher osmotic pressure in a fluid relative to another fluid. |
| Hypotonic | A hypotonic solution is any solution that has a lower osmotic pressure than another solution |
| Isotonic | An isotonic solution refers to two solutions having the same osmotic pressure across a semipermeable membrane. |
| Osmosis | Osmosis is the movement of water molecules through a selectively permeable membrane from higher water concentration to a lower water concentration |
| Passive transport processes | A process by which ions or molecules move along a concentration gradient, which means movement from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration. |
| Phagocytosis | phagocytosis, process by which certain living cells called phagocytes ingest or engulf other cells or particles. |
| Phospholipid | A lipid with one or more phosphate groups attached to it. |
| Phospholipid bilayer | The two layers of phospholipids arranged in such a way that their hydrophobic tails are projecting inwards while their polar head groups are projecting on the outside surfaces |
| Pinocytosis | A process of taking in fluid together with its contents into the cell by forming narrow channels through its membrane that pinch off into vesicles, and fuse with lysosomes that hydrolyze or break down contents. |
| Pressure gradient | from higher pressure to lower pressure |
| Selectively permeable | A feature and a function of the plasma membrane that is essential to maintain homeostasis by regulating the passage of some substances while preventing others from entering the cell. |
| Tonicity | The osmotic pressure or tension of a solution, usually relative to that of blood. |
Created by:
Smorrison
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