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SLS CellTransport JB
SLS BIO 12 Cellular Transport JB
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Active Transport | The movement of ions or molecules across a cell membrane into a region of higher concentration, assisted by enzymes and requiring energy. |
| Carrier Protein | Carrier proteins facilitate the diffusion of different molecules. |
| Cell Membrane | The semipermeable membrane surrounding the cytoplasm of a cell. |
| Channel Protein | A channel protein is a protein that allows the transport of specific substances across a cell membrane. |
| Concentration Gradient | A measurement of how the concentration of something changes from one place to another. |
| Diffusion | The intermingling of substances by the natural movement of their particles. |
| Endocytosis | A process in which cell takes in materials from the outside by engulfing and fusing them with its plasma membrane. |
| Exocytosis | When materials leave the cell by the membrane "spitting it out". |
| Facilitated Transport | The process of spontaneous passive transport (as opposed to active transport) of molecules or ions across a biological membrane via specific transmembrane integral proteins. |
| Fluid Mosaic Membrane Model | A model that describes the structure of cell membranes. In this model, a flexible layer made of lipid molecules is interspersed with large protein molecules that act as channels through which other molecules enter and leave the cell. |
| Glycolipid | Lipids with a carbohydrate attached. Their role is to provide energy and also serve as markers for cellular recognition. The carbohydrates are found on the outer surface of all eukaryotic cell membranes. |
| Glycoprotein | Any of a group of cellular macromolecules that are made up of proteins bonded to one or more carbohydrate chains. |
| Hydrophilic | Having a tendency to mix with, dissolve in, or be wetted by water. |
| Hydrophobic | Tending to repel or fail to mix with water. |
| Hydrotonic | Having a higher osmotic pressure than a particular fluid, typically a body fluid or intracellular fluid. |
| Isotonic | Denoting or relating to a solution having the same osmotic pressure as some other solution, especially one in a cell or a body fluid. |
| Osmosis | A process by which molecules of a solvent tend to pass through a semipermeable membrane from a less concentrated solution into a more concentrated one, thus equalizing the concentrations on each side of the membrane. |
| Passive Transport Processes | The diffusion of substances across a membrane. As we stated above, this is a spontaneous process and cellular energy is not expended. Molecules will move from where the substance is more concentrated to where it is less concentrated. |
| Phagocytosis | The ingestion of bacteria or other material by phagocytes and amoeboid protozoans. |
| Phospholipid | A lipid containing a phosphate group in its molecule |
| Phospholipid Bilayer | A two-layered arrangement of phosphate and lipid molecules that form a cell membrane, the hydrophobic lipid ends facing inward and the hydrophilic phosphate ends facing outward. |
| Pinocytosis | The ingestion of liquid into a cell by the budding of small vesicles from the cell membrane. |
| Pressure Gradient | From higher pressure to lower pressure of fluids in cell. |
| Selectively Permeable | A feature and a function of the plasma membrane that is essential to maintain homeostasis by regulating the passage of some substances while preventing others from entering the cell. |
| Tonicity | A measure of the effective osmotic pressure gradient (as defined by the water potential of the two solutions) of two solutions separated by a semipermeable membrane. |
Created by:
jbergvinson
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