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Bio12 Cell Transport

SLS Bio 12 Cell Transport (R.L.)

TermDefinition
Active Transport A transport mechanism using membrane proteins that requires the input of energy (ATP) as the particles are being moved against the concentration gradient.
Carrier Protein AKA Transport protein. Trans-membrane proteins that are specialized to move substances across membranes.
Cell Membrane AKA Plasma Membrane. The outer membrane of a cell. Act as a protective barrier for a cell, it also controls what goes in and what comes out of a cell.
Channel Protein A trans-membrane protein that provides a route (channel) through the phospholipid bilayer of a membrane for the passage of water thus facilitating osmosis.
Concentration Gradient The difference in concentration between two regions. Diffusion of a solute occurs from an area of high solute concentration to an area of low solute concentration.
Diffusion The movement of solute particles in a solvent from an area where they are more concentrated to an area where hey are less concentrated. Diffusion is a passive transport process (does not required energy).
Endocytosis The taking in of substances by a cell involving the breaking of the cell membrane.
Exocytosis The release of substances from a cell involving the fusion of a secretory vesicle with the cell membrane in such a way that the contents of the vesicles are released to the outside of the cell.
Facilitated Transport The movement of particles across a membrane involving membrane proteins.
Fluid-Mosaic Membrane Model The current model used to describe membrane structure and function.
Glycolipid The combination of an ogliosaccharide attached to a phospholipid on the outer surface of animal cell membranes. These molecular complexes contribute to the cells ability to recognize other cells.
Glycoprotein The combination of an ogliosaccharide attached to a protein on the outer surface of animal cell membranes. These molecular complexes contribute to the cells ability to recognize other cells.
Hydrophilic Will mix with water, as opposed to hydrophobic, which will not mix with water.
Hydrophobic Will not mix with water, as opposed to hydrophilic which will mix with water.
Hypertonic Having a greater concentration than another solution to which it is compared.
Hypotonic Having a lesser concentration than another solution to which it is compared.
Isotonic Having the same concentration as another solution to which it is compared.
Osmosis The movement of water according to the Laws of Diffusion. Water travels from a lower concentration gradient to a higher concentration gradient.
Passive Transport Processes Transport processed that satisfies the Laws of Diffusion, therefore, does not involve the use of energy.
Phagocytosis Endocyctosis of larger particles, such as foreign cells by white blood cells.
Phospholipid A neutral fat consisting of glycerol with two fatty acids bonded to it. The third bonding site is occupied by a phosphate. It has both a polar end (phosphate) and a non-polar end (fatty acids).
Phospholipid Bilayer A double layer of phospholipids arranged so that their polar ends are apart from each other and their non-polar regions are together, thus providing an oily nature to the inner region.
Pinocytosis Endocytosis of small particles. Often referred to as "cell drinking".
Pressure Gradient The difference of in pressure between two regions.
Selectively Permeable A feature of membranes that is determined by the specific proteins that are embedding in the phospholipid bilayer. These proteins equip the membrane for the transport of some substances but not others.
Tonicity Refers to concentration.
Created by: rickli1
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