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ES Ch 6

Vocab.

TermDefinition
sediment small pieces of rock that are moved and deposited by water, wind, glaciers, and gravity.
lithification the physical and chemical processes that transform sediments into sedimentary rock.
cementation acts like the glue that puts the sediment grains together.
bedding is a horizontal layering
graded bedding has particle sizes become progressively heavier and coarser toward the bottom layers
cross-bedding is formed as inclined area
clastic sedimentary rock most common type of sedimentary rock, formed from the abundant deposits of loose sediments that accumulate on Earth's surface; classified according to the size of their particles
clastic rock and mineral fragments produced by weathering and erosion and classified according to particle size and shape
porosity percentage of open spaces between grains in a material
evaporite the layers of chemical sedimentary minerals in a body of water reach saturation due to the evaporation of water; crystal grains precipitate out of solution and settle to the bottom
foliated metamorphic rock, such as schist or gneiss, whose minerals are squeezed under high pressure and arranged in wavy layers and bands
nonfoliated metamorphic rocks like quartzite and marble, composed mainly of minerals that form with blocky crystal shapes
regional metamorphism process that affects large areas of Earth's crust, producing belts classified as low, medium, or high grade, depending on pressure on the rock, temperature, and depth below the surface
contact metamorphism local effect that occurs when molten rock meets solid rock
hydrothermal metamorphism occurs when very hot water reacts with rock, altering its mineralogy and chemistry
rock cycle continuous, dynamic set of processes by which rocks are changed into other types of rock
Created by: selenamercado
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