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Husbandry and beef
Husbandry
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Antibiotic | A drug used to treat infection caused by bacteria or other microorganisms |
| Antibodies | Proteins produced by the body that attack infectious agents and neutralize them |
| Applied Ethology | The study of domestic animal behavior |
| Aversive Event | A negative experience that may be painful, frightening, or nauseating. May involve senses, such as foul taste or odor or a sound like that made from by a can full of rocks tossed at a misbehaving puppy. |
| Classical Sign | Observable difference in an animal's normal function or state of health that indicates the presence of a bodily disorder or a disease. (ex. fever, weight loss, etc.) |
| Cortisol | A hormone produced by the adrenal cortex. It is elevated during stress and has been used as a gauge for the degree of stress an animal is under. |
| Cribbing | An undesirable behavior in horses in which they bite and/or hold onto objects such as posts,fences,etc. Thought to be brought on by boredom because of stabling or confinement in a small area. |
| Disease | State of being other than that of complete health. Disturbance of normal function of the body or its parts. |
| Domoninance | An animals place in the social rankings (pecking order) |
| Ethogram | A catalog or inventory of all of the behaviors an animal exhibits in its natural environment. Originally was a study of wild animals. |
| Ethology | The study of animals in their natural surroundings. focus on instinctive or innate behavior. also referred as applied ethology. |
| Etiology | The factor that causes a disease or the study of the factors that cause disease. |
| Flight zone | The distance which an animal is caused to flee from an intruder. |
| Grading up | The process of improving animals for some productive function by consecutive matings with animals considered to be genetically superior. |
| Habituation | A type of operant conditioning. Animal's ability to eventually ignore something that occurs often. |
| Imprint Learning | Learning that has restrictive conditions and times when it can occur |
| Infectious Disease | Diseases caused by living organisms, which invade and multiply in or on the body and result in damage to the body. |
| Lesion | Abnormal changes in body organs because of injury or disease. |
| Necropsy | Examination of a body after death |
| Novelty | Anything new or sudden in an animal's environment |
| Parasite | An organism that lives at the expense of a host organism. Must live or on the host. Form of symbiosis. |
| Passive Immunity | Immunity conferred to an animal through preformed antibodies that it receives from an outside source. Antibodies are harvested from the mother's bloodstream by the mammary gland to put into colostrum. |
| Pathogen | Any living disease-producing agent |
| Pica | A craving for and willingness to eat unnatural feedstuffs. Often caused by nutritional deficiencies. |
| Stereotypic Behavior | Nonfunctional, repetitive, and intentional behavior. (ex in horses. Stall walking, weaving, and pawing) |
| Stress | Physical, emotional, or chemical factor causing body or mental strain or tension. |
| Vector | 1)Animal, usually and arthropod, that transfers an infectious agent from one host to another. 2) A DNA molecule that carries foreign DNA into a host cell, replicates inside a bacterial (or yeast) cell and produces many copies of itself |
| Withdrawal Time | The length of time an antibiotic must not be administered or fed to an animal before the animal can be legally slaughtered. |
| Zoonotic | The ability to be passed from animals to humans under natural conditions. |
| Anthelmintic | A drug or chemical agent used to kill or remove internal parasites |
| Antigen | A foreign substance, that when introduced into tissue or blood, causes the formation of Antibodies |
| Biologicals | Medicinal products used primarily to prevent disease. Includes serums, vaccines, antigens, antitoxins, etc. |
| Chemotherapeutics | Chemical agents used to treat or prevent disease |
| Drench | To give fluid by mouth |
| Environment | The sum total of all external conditions that affect the well-being and performance of an animal |
| Intelligence | The ability to learn to adjust successfully to conditions or situations |
| Morbidity | Measurement of illness (morbidity rate is the number of animals in a group that become sick over a specified period of time) |
| Scours | Diarrhea; a profuse watery discharge from the intestines |
| Subcutaneous | under the skin |
| Thermo-neutral zone | Range in temperature where rate and efficiency of gain is maximized;also known as the comfort zone |
| Vaccine | Suspension of attenuated or killed microbes or toxins administered to induce active immunity |
| Virus | Disease-causing ultramicroscopic bundle of genetic material capable of multiplying only in living cells |
| Boxed Beef | Cuts of beef shipped in boxes from packer to retailer. These primal and sub-primal cuts are intermediate cuts between carcass and retail cuts. |
| Bullock | A young bull typically less than 20 months of age |
| Margin | The difference in cost per hundredweight of the feeder animal and the selling price per hundredweight of the slaughter animal. |
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wil96
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