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Histology

Digestive System Development 2

QuestionAnswer
How does the midgut communicate with the yolk sac? via vitelline duct or yolk stalk
In the adult, where does the midgut begin? distal to entrance of bile duct into duodenum
Where does the midgut terminate? junction of the proximal 2/3 of the transverse colon with the distal 1/3
What is the only artery of the midgut? Superior mesenteric artery
The PRIMARY INTESTINAL LOOP is a result of what? rapid elongation of gut and mesentery
The primary intestional loop is in open connection with what at its apex? connection w/ yolk sac via vitelline duct
What does the cephalic limb of the primary intestinal loop develop into? distal duodenum, jejunum, and part of ileum
What does the caudal limb of the primary intestinal loop develop into? lower portion of ileum, cecum, appendix, and ascending colon, and proximal 2/3 of transverse colon
What is the result of rapid growth and expansion of the liver? abdominal cavity temporarily becomes too small to hold all intestinal loops
Where do the intestinal loops enter when the abdominal cavity temporarily becomes too small? extraembryonic cavity in the umbilical cord
What axis does the primary intestinal loop rotate around? axis formed by superior mesenteric artery
Which way and to what degree does the midgut rotate? counterclockwise, 270 degrees (90 during herniation, 180 during return into abdominal cavity)
What is the first part to reenter the abdominal cavity? the proximal jejunum, comes to lie on left side...later loops lie more and more to the right
What is the last part of the gut to reenter the abdominal cavity? cecal bud, temporarily lies in right upper quadrant but descends into right iliac fossa, placing ascending colon and hepatic flexure on the right side
How does the appendix form during the descent of the colon? distal end of the cecal bud forms narrow diverticulum (appendix)often posterior to cecum (retrocecal) or colon (retrocolic)
What does the hindgut give rise to? distal 1/3 of transverse colon, descending colon, sigmoid colon, rectum, upper anal canal
What does the endoderm of the hindgut also form? lining of bladder and urethra
What is the cloaca? endoderm lined cavity that is covered at ventral boundary by ectoderm, cloacal membrane
What forms the primitive urogenital sinus? allantois enters anterior portion of cloaca
What forms the primitive anorectal canal? terminal part of hindgut enters posterior cloaca
What is the urorectal septum derived from? mesoderm
What does the urorectal septum separate? allantois from hindgut
What is formed by the rupture of the cloacal membrane? anal opening for the hindgut (ventral opening for urogenital sinus also created)
Proliferation of what closes caudal end of the anal canal? ectoderm
Where does the caudal portion of the anal canal come from? ectoderm
Where does the cranial end of the anal canal come from? endoderm
What is the artery of the hindgut? Inferior mesenteric (superior rectal arteries are branches from this and supply the cranial part of the anal canal)
What is the pectinate line? junction between ectoderm and endoderm... simple columnar to stratified squamous epithelium
Gastroschisis. herniation of abdominal viscera through body wall into amniotic cavity. elevated alpha-fetoprotein may be detected prenatally. linked to cocaine use. NOT associated with chromosomal abnormalities or severe defects. more common in males. 1 in 10,000 births
Omphalocele herniation of abdominal viscera through enlarged umbilical ring. viscera covered by amnion. failure of bowel to return to body cavity. high mortality rate. 15% have chromosomal abnormalities
Meckel's Diverticulum 2-4% people vitelline duct persists, forms outpocketing of ileum (MECKEL'S DIVERTICULUM), if contains HETEROTOPIC PANCREATIC TISSUE or GASTRIC MUCOSA may cause ulceration, bleeding, or perforation.
Created by: shuckybean
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