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Chapter 5 Vocabulary
Volcanoes Vocabulary Review
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| batholith | a mass of rock formed when a large body of magma cools inside the crust |
| caldera | the large hole at the top of a volcano formed when the roof of a volcano’s magma chamber collapses |
| cinder cone | a steep, cone-shaped hill or small mountain made of volcanic ash, cinders, and bombs piled up around a volcano’s opening |
| composite volcano | a tall, cone-shaped mountain in which layers of lava alternate with layers of ash and other volcanic materials |
| crater | a bowl-shaped area that forms around a volcano’s central opening |
| dike | a slab of volcanic rock formed when magma forces itself across rock layers |
| dormant | a volcano that is not currently active but that may become active in the future |
| extinct | a volcano that is no longer active and is unlikely to erupt again |
| geothermal activity | the heating of underground water by magma |
| geyser | a fountain of water and steam that builds up pressure underground and erupts at regular intervals |
| hot spot | an area where magma from deep within the mantle melts through the crust above it |
| island arc | a string of islands formed by the volcanoes along a deep-ocean trench |
| lava | liquid magma that reaches the surface; also the rock formed when liquid lava hardens |
| lava flow | the area covered by lava as it pours out of a volcano’s vent |
| magma | the molten mixture of rock-forming substances, gases, and water from the mantle |
| magma chamber | the pocket beneath a volcano where magma collects |
| pipe | a long tube through which magma moves from the magma chamber to the Earth’s surface |
| pyroclastic flow | the expulsion of ash, cinders, bombs, and gases during an explosive volcanic eruption |
| Ring of Fire | a major belt of volcanoes that rims the Pacific Ocean |
| shield volcano | a wide, gently sloping mountain made of layers of lava and formed by quiet eruptions |
| silica | a material found in magma that is formed from the elements oxygen and silicon |
| sill | a slab of volcanic rock formed when magma squeezes between layers of rock |
| vent | the opening through which molten rock and gas leave a volcano |
| viscosity | a liquid’s resistance to flowing |
| volcanic neck | a deposit of hardened magma in a volcano’s pipe |
| volcano | a weak spot in the crust where magma has come to the surface |
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