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Bio: Chapter 1
Test- Tuesday, October 14th, 2014
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| atom | smallest particle of elements |
| atomos | greek for invisible |
| who came up with the atomic theory? what year? | John Dalton, atomic theory in 1805 |
| what are examples of atoms combining with other atoms to make molecules? | H2*, H2*O |
| what 6 elements make up 97% of all organisms? | carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, phosphor, sulfur (CHONPS) |
| what particles are in the nucleus? what particle moves around the outside? what are their charges? | proton (+) and nutron(0) in the nucleus and electron (-) on the outside |
| is the identity of the element the number of neutrons or protons? | protons |
| what particle represents the atomic number? | proton |
| what two particles equal each other to have a balanced atom? | proton and electron to make no charge |
| what two particles together produce the atomic mass? | protons and neutrons |
| isotope | atoms of the same element with varying amounts of neutrons; some unstable, giving off radiation |
| structural formula | shows numbers and arranged formulas |
| electron levels: 1st shell? 2nd shell? 3rd shell? | 2, 8, 18 |
| what particles are transfered in chemical bonds? | electrons, only the outer electrons move |
| what are the two types of chemical bonds? what are they? | ionic- transfered when e are gained or lost and covalent- shared e of the same (H2*) or different element (H2*O) |
| ions | when electrons are transfered, the result is a loss or gain- called an ion (NaCl) |
| chemical reaction | making/breaking bonds |
| what is needed in the process of breaking bonds? | energy to start chemical reaction |
| polar covalent | atoms of an element attract shared electrons unequally (oxygen attracts electrons more, making it slightly negative) |
| nonpolar covalent | shared equally (N2*) |
| are fats and oils polar or non polar? why? | non polar because they dont dissolve in water |
| does a hydrogen bond have a strong or weak attraction between + and - atoms? What is an example? | weak attraction Ex. proteins, DNA, H2O, explains water surface tension |
| do polar solutions dissolve or not? non polar solutions? | polar solutions dissolve, non-polar dont dissolve |
| ionization | a nonionic compound (H20) converts to ions (hydrogen (H+) and hydroxide (OH-) ions) |
| does life process depend on ionization? | yes |
| Amount of H+ and OH ions = | pH of sollutions |
| what is the pH scale range? | 0-14 |
| on the pH, 0=?, 7=?, 14=? | most acidic, natural, most basic |
| can slight pH changes cause death? | yes |
| what are the 4 classes of macromolecules of organic compounds? | carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, nucleic acids |
| what are examples of carbohydrates? | C, H, O |
| monosaccharides, disaccharides, and polysaccharides are _______ | carbohydrates |
| monosaccharides | simplest, 1 sugar |
| glucose, fructose, galactose | examples of monosaccharides |
| disaccharides | 2 sugars boneed together |
| surcose, maltose, lactose | examples of disaccharides |
| polysaccharides | complex, several glucose molecules |
| starch, cellulose, glycogen | examples of polysaccharides |
| cellulose | plant starch |
| glycogen | animal starch |
| lipids | fats, oils, storage of energy; builds cell membrane;nonpolar, hydeophobic |
| what are the building blocks of lipids | fatty acids and glycerol (C, H, O) |
| triglyceride, transfats, saturated fatty acids, unsaturated fatty acids, phospholipids are ______ | lipids |
| triglyceride | 3 fatty acids + 1 glycerol |
| transfats | partially hydrogenated oil |
| saturated fatty acids | single bond between carbon, solid at room temperature |
| unsaturated fatty acids | double bond between carbon, oily liquid |
| phospholipids | 2 fatty acids + PO4 and form cell membranes |
| what are the building blocks of proteins? | amino acids |
| what are in amino acids? | C,H,O,N |
| proteins | C,H,O,N in amino acids differ by 1 of 20 R groups...20 amino acids; make up skin, hair, muscles; act as messengers between cells + enzymes |
| peptide bond | betern acid groups of 1 amino acid groups (COOH) + animal group (HN2*)of another: lose 1 H20 molecule |
| are most enzimes lipids? | no, proteins |
| primary structure | sequence in the chain |
| secondary structure | twisting chain |
| tertiary | folds back on itself making it 3D; quaternary=2 or more (hemoglobin) |
| how mych of our proteins do we share with firut fies and worms? | 40% |
Created by:
bridge656
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