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EnergyforCells
Ch. 7 Energy for Cells Study Guide (Adv. Biology)
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| During the energy-harvesting steps of glycolysis, both ATP and ___ are produced | NADH |
| During cellular respiration, ___ is oxidized and oxygen is reduced | Glucose |
| During the energy-investment step of glycolysis, this is consumed | ATP |
| The formation of acetyl-CoA is important because ___ cannot enter the citric acid cycle | Pyruvate |
| The citric acid cycle results in the release of ___ | Carbon dioxide |
| The prep reaction and citric acid cycle take place in/on the... | Mitochondrial matrix |
| The strongest and final electron acceptor in the ETC is | Oxygen |
| The carriers in the ETC undergo ___ reactions | Oxidation and Reduction |
| Which of the biological molecules DO NOT enter the cellular respiration pathways | Nucleic acids |
| During glycolysis, this and the citric acid cycle account for 4 ATP | Substrate-level ATP synthesis |
| Anaerobic breakdown of glucose | Fermentation |
| Occurs int he cytoplasm just outside the mitochondria | Glycolysis |
| Provide the energy needed for your muscles to contract and are produced during cellular respiration | ATP molecules |
| During the ___, NADH and FADH2 result and more CO2 is released | Citric acid cycle |
| If oxygen is not available for glycolysis, pyruvate is reduced to ___ | Lactate |
| ___ , like NAD and FAD assist in carrying out oxidation during cellular respiration | Nonprotein helpers |
| Only the ___ backbones of amino acids can be used by the cellular respiration pathways | Hydrocarbon |
| Series of carriers in the cristae of the mitochondria | Electron transport chain |
| Area located between the two membranes of the mitochondria where a H+ gradient is produced | Intermembrane space |
| Produces a substrate that can enter the citric acid cycle | Prep reaction |
| Final acceptor of hydrogen atoms during fermentation | Pyruvic acid |
| When animals carry out fermentation, they produce | Lactate |
| When yeasts carry out fermentation, they produce | Ethyl alcohol and CO2 |
| Metabolic process that produces the most ATP molecules during cellular respiration | ETC |
| Greatest contributor of electrons to the ETC | Citric acid cycle |
| Growing or metabolizing int he absence of oxygen | Anaerobic |
| Addition of an electron/H+ | Reduction |
| Subtraction of an electron/H+ | Oxidation |
| Immediate energy source and storage of living organisms | Carbohydrates |
| Your cells break down glucose in a process called ___ to extract the energy from your food to create the ATP they need | Cellular respiration |
| Respiration is essentially the reverse of | Photosynthesis |
| Respiration takes place primarily in the ___ | Mitochondria |
| Nonprotein helpers are also known as | Coenzymes |
| The ___ from ATP activate the substrates, so they can undergo reactions | Phosphates |
| When an ATP molecule is broken up, to release energy, ___ results | ADP |
| The prep reaction occurs ___ per glucose molecule | Twice |
| The citric acid cycle turns ___ for each original glucose | Twice |
| The members of the electron transport chain accept only ___ and not H+ | Electrons |
| Component of OTC "fat-burning" medications because it's know to have an influence on the activity of insulin, allowing the body to use carbohydrates and fats more efficiently as energy sources. (NOT regulated by the FDA) | Chromium |
| Breathing heavily while recovering from high physical exertion is due to the ___ that has been created | Oxygen deficit |
| ___ are often killed by an overabundance of the very product they produce. (ethyl alcohol) | Yeasts |
| T/F The accumulation of lactic acid in the muscles causes long-term muscle soreness after prolonged exercise. | F |
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