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Vocab. List Ch. 8

Biology Vocabulary List Chapter 8

TermDefinition
Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP) Compound used by cells to store and release energy.
Heterotroph Organism that obtains food by consuming other living things; also called consumer.
Autotroph Organism that is able to capture energy from sunlight or chemicals and use it to produce its own food from inorganic compounds; also called a producer.
Photosynthesis Process used by plants and other autotrophs to capture light energy and use it to power chemical reactions that convert carbon dioxide and water into oxygen and energy-rick carbohydrates such as sugars and starches.
Pigment Light-absorbing molecules used by plants to gather the sun's energy.
Chlorophyll Principal pigment of plants and other photosynthesis organisms.
Thylakoid Saclike photosynthesis membranes found in chloroplasts.
Stroma Fluid portion of the chloroplast; outside of the thylakoids.
NADP+ (Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide Phosphate) Carrier molecule that transfers high-energy electrons from chlorophyll to other molecules.
Light-dependent Reactions Set of reactions in photosynthesis that use energy from light to produce ATP and NADPH.
Light-independent Reactions Set of reactions in photosynthesis that do not require light; energy from ATP and NADPH used to build high-energy compounds such as sugar; also called the Calvin cycle.
Photosystem Cluster of chlorophyll found in thylakoids.
Electron Transport Chain Series of electron carrier proteins that shuttle high-energy electrons during ATP-generating reactions.
ATP Synthase Cluster of proteins that span the thylakoid membrane and allow hydrogen ions (H+) to pass through it.
Calvin cycle The light-independent reactions of photosynthesis in which energy from APT and NADPH is used to build high-energy compounds such as sugar.
Created by: Perseus99
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