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ES 1st Q.
Earth Science Ch 14
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Atmosphere | blanket of gases surrounding Earth that contains about 78 percent nitrogen, 21 percent oxygen, and 1 percent other gases such a argon, carbon dioxide, and water vapor. |
| Biosphere | all of earth's organisms and the environments in which they live. |
| Geosphere | the part of Earth from the surface to the center. |
| Hydrosphere | all the water in he Earth's oceans, lakes, seas, rivers, and glaciers plus all the water in the atmosphere. |
| Dependent Variable | factor in an experiment that can change if the independent variable is changed. |
| Independent Variable | factor that is manipulated by the experimenter in an experiment. |
| Hypothesis | a testable explanation of a situation. |
| Scientific Law | a principle that describes the behavior of a natural phenomenon |
| Scientific Theory | an explanation based on many observations during repeated experiments; valid only if consistent with observations, can be used to make testable predictions, and is the simplest explanation; can be changed or modified with the discovery with new data. |
| Cleavage | the manner in which a mineral breaks along planes where atomic bonding is weak. |
| Fracture | when mineral breaks into pieces arclike, rough, or jagged edges. |
| Hardness | measure of how easily a mineral can be scratched, which is determined by the arrangement of a mineral's atom. |
| Luster | the way that a mineral reflects light from its surface; two types- metallic and nonmetallic. |
| Streak | color a mineral leaves when it is rubbed across an unglazed porcelain plate or when it is broken up and powered. |
| Fractional Crystallization | process in which different minerals crystallize from magma at different temperatures, removing elements from magma. |
| Partial Melting | process in which different minerals melt into magma at different temperatures, changing its composition. |
| Pegmatite | vein deposits of extremely large-grained minerals that can contain rare ores such as lithium and beryllium. |
| constant | not changing or varying; uniform; regular; invariable |
| control | to exercise restraint or direction over; dominate; command. |
| Compare and contrast mass and weight | mass is the amount of matter in an object, it depends on the number and types of atoms that make up the object. Weight is a measure of the gravitational force on an object.Weight is typically measured with some type of scale. |
| Naturally occurring | that they are formed by natural processes. |
| Inorganic | all minerals are inorganic, they are not alive and never were alive. |
| Specific chemical composition | mostly made out of compound |
| crystalline structure | atoms in minerals are arranged in regular geometric patterns that are repeated. |
| Explain what physical properties could be used to tell the difference between Pyrite (Fool’s Gold) and Gold. | Pyrite is harder and its streak is green. |
| Given the harness of two different minerals and explain what would happen if they were rubbed together. | Pyrite and gold, if you would rub them together it would scratch the gold. |
Created by:
Jeannette95
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