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Quarter 1 Review
Vocabulary and Question with Answer
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Atmosphere | blanket of gases surrounding Earth that contains about 78 percent nitrogen, 21 percent oxygen, and 1 percent other gases such as argon, carbon dioxide, and water vapor. |
| Biosphere | all of Earth's organisms and the environments in which they live. |
| Geosphere | the part of Earth from its surface to its center. |
| Hydrosphere | all the water in Earth's oceans, lakes, seas, rivers, and glaciers plus all the water in the atmosphere. |
| Dependent Variable | factor in an experiment that can change if the independent variable is changed. |
| Independent Variable | factor that is manipulated by the experimenter in an experiment. |
| Hypothesis | a testable explanation of a situation. |
| Scientific Law | a principle that describes the behavior of a natural phenomenon. |
| Scientific Theory | an explanation based on many observations during repeated experiments; valid only if consistent with observations, can be used to make testable predictions, and is the simplest explanation; can be changed or modified with the discovery of new data. |
| Cleavage | the manner in which a mineral breaks along planes where atomic bonding is weak. |
| Fracture | when a mineral breaks into piece with arclike, rough, or jagged edges. |
| Hardness | measure of how easily a mineral can be scratched ,which determined by the arrangement of a mineral's atoms. |
| Luster | the way that a mineral reflects light from its surface; two types--metallic and nonmetallic. |
| Streak | color a mineral leaves when it is rubbed across an unglazed porcelain plate or when it is broken up and powdered. |
| Fractional Crystallization | process in which different minerals crystallize from magma at different temperatures, removing elements from magma. |
| Partial Melting | process in which different minerals melt into magma at different temperatures, changing its composition. |
| Pegmatite | vein deposits of extremely large-grained minerals that can contain rare ores such as lithium and beryllium. |
| Constant | occurring continuously over a period of time. |
| Control | standard for comparison in an experiment. |
| Mass | a coherent, typically large body of matter with no definite shape. |
| Weight | a body's relative mass or the quantity of matter contained by it, giving rise to a downward force; the heaviness of a person or thing. |
| Naturally Occurring | they are formed by natural processes. |
| Inorganic | they are not alive and never were alive. |
| Solid | having a definite shape and volume, while liquids and gases do not. |
| Specific Chemical Composition | when the composition might be specific, or it might vary within a set range of compositions. |
| Definite Crystalline Structure | when the atoms in minerals are arranged in regular geometric patterns that are repeated. |
| Explain what physical properties could be used to tell the difference between Pyrite (Fool's Gold) and Gold. | Hardness is one, if you bite into gold, it will leave a dent of your teeth. If you bite into pyrite, it will probably break your teeth if you bite down too hard. |
| Give the hardness of two different minerals and explain what would happen if they were rubbed together. | Diamond is 10.0 and Apatite is 5.0. If I were to rub them together diamond would scratch apatite really easy. |
| Explain how igneous rocks form. | First comes composition of magma, then magma formation, after that is mineral content, lastly is partial melting. |
| Major Type of Rock | Igneous Rocks |
| Rock Group | Extrusive and Intrusive |
| Rock Example | Obsidian and Granite |
Created by:
cinthyatorres
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