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SLS Cell StructureAR
biology 12 cell structure
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Cell Membrane | Has a phospholipid bi-layer filled with proteins in between. The cell membrane controls which materials can enter and the cell. Its other main functions include cell adhesion, ion channel conductance, and cell signalling. |
| Cell Wall | A rigid layer of polysaccharides outside the plasma membrane of the cells of plants, fungi, and bacteria. In the algae and higher plants, it consists mainly of cellulose. |
| Cellular Respiration | Cellular respiration is the set of metabolic reactions and processes that take place in the cells of organisms to convert biochemical energy from nutrients into ATP (occurs at mitochondria) and then release waste products. |
| Chloroplast | A small organelle that contains chlorophyll and in which photosynthesis takes place (in the plant cell). |
| Chromatin | The material of which the chromosomes of organisms other than bacteria (i.e., eukaryotes) are composed. It consists of protein, RNA, and DNA. |
| Chromosome | A threadlike structure of nucleic acids and protein found in the nucleus of most living cells, carrying genetic information in the form of genes. |
| Cristae | The inward projections of the inner membrane of the mitochondrion, which are studded with proteins and increase the surface area for chemical reactions to occur like cellular respiration. |
| Cytoplasm | The material or protoplasm within a living cell, excluding the nucleus. |
| Cytoskeleton | A microscopic network of protein filaments and tubules in the cytoplasm of many living cells, giving them shape and coherence. |
| Golgi Bodies | An organelle that takes up and processes secretory and synthetic products from the endoplasmic reticulum and then either releases the finished products into various parts of the cell cytoplasm or secretes them to the outside of the cell. |
| Lysosome | An organelle in the cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells containing degradative enzymes enclosed in a membrane. |
| Matrix | Material in animal or plant cells, in which more specialized structures are embedded, and a specific part of the mitochondria that is the site of oxidation of organic molecules. The internal structure of connective tissues is an extracellular matrix. |
| Mitochondria | An organelle found in large numbers in most cells, in which the biochemical processes of respiration and energy production occur. It has a double membrane, the inner layer being folded inward to form layers (cristae). |
| Nuclear Envelope | A nuclear membrane is the double lipid bilayer membrane which surrounds the genetic material and nucleolus in eukaryotic cells. The nuclear membrane consists of two lipid bilayers—the inner nuclear membrane, and the outer nuclear membrane. |
| Nuclear Pore | The nuclear pore is a protein-lined channel in the nuclear envelope that regulates the transportation of molecules between the nucleus and the cytoplasm. In E.C's, the nucleus is separated from the cytoplasm and surrounded by a nuclear envelope. |
| Nucleolus | A small dense spherical structure in the nucleus of a cell during interphase. |
| Nucleus | A dense organelle present in most eukaryotic cells, typically a single rounded structure bounded by a double membrane, containing the genetic material (DNA). |
| Organelle | Any of a number of organized or specialized structures within a living cell. |
| Polysome | A cluster of ribosomes held together by a strand of messenger RNA that each ribosome is translating. |
| Ribosome | A minute particle consisting of RNA and associated proteins, found in large numbers in the cytoplasm of living cells. They bind messenger RNA and transfer RNA to synthesize polypeptides and proteins. |
| Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum/Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum | A network of tubular membranes within the cytoplasm of the cell, occurring either with a smooth surface (smooth endoplasmic reticulum) or studded with ribosomes (rough endoplasmic reticulum) involved in the transport of materials. |
| Vacuole | A space or vesicle within the cytoplasm of a cell, enclosed by a membrane and typically containing fluid, food, or metabolic waste |
| Vesicle | A bubble-like membranous structure that stores and transports cellular products, and digests metabolic wastes within the cell; an intracellular membranous sac that is separated from the cytosol by at least one lipid bilayer. |
Created by:
arolston
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