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Chapter 7

Biology Midterm 2

Membrane Structure -Cells must maintain stable internal conditions -molecules must cross the cell membrane in both directions
The Fluid Mosaic Model -protein "iceburgs" in a lipid "ocean" -mosaic - made up of different components -fluid - components move
The Frye-Edidin Experiment -Demonstrated that the phospholipid bilayer is fluid -mouse cell and human cell mixed together instead of staying apart.
Membrane Proteins -Intergral: embedded in the membrane. Hydrophobic/Hydrophilic -Peripheral: associated w/ the surface. Hydrophilic
Gradients & Movement -Membranes are selectively permeable *some things pass through freely, others are excluded
Gradients -Concentration Gradient *solute more concentrated in one region -represents order (not random) *require energy to be maintained *will dissipate on their own (entropy)
Diffusion -movement of molecules down their concentration gradient
Passive Transport -simple diffuison -facilitated diffusion -osmosis -movement without input of cellular energy
Simple Diffusion -some solutes move across the hydrophobic portion of the membrane *small nonpolar molecules, lipid soluble molecules -move from high concentration to low concentration
Facilitated Diffusion -diffusion w/ the help of transport proteins -allows movement of polar and charged molecules across the hydrophobic region of the membrane -transport specific for a particular substance
Osmosis -simple diffusion of water across a semipermeable membrane -membrane allows water through -doesn't allow solutes through
Hypotonic less dissolved substances
Isotonic the same amount of dissolved supstance
Hypertonic has more dissolved substances
Active Transport -cellular energy used to pump a substance UP its concentration gradient -can represent 1/4 of cellular ATP expenditure
Endocytosos & Exocytosis movement of larger particles or groups of particles
Exocytosis secretion
Endocytosis -bulk transport -can still be specific for a particular molecule
Created by: kalphawk
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