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Chapter 19
lymphatic system and immunity
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| what is interstitial fluid continuously flowing into the lymphatic capillary called? | lymph |
| lymphatic capillaries are absent from areas that lack blood supply, such as the ___. The ___ and ____ lack lymphatic vessels | cornea of eye, bone marrow, CNS |
| the right lymphatic duct is formed by the merging of the ___. It then empties into the ____ | right jugular, right subclavian, and right brochomediastinal trunk, empties into the right subclavian vein |
| the thoracic duct ascends along the left side of the vertebral column, collecting lymph from the ____, before emptying into the ____ | left bronchomediastinal, left jugular trunk, emptying into the left subclavian vein |
| Which is an expanded, saclike chamber that receives lymph from the inferior part of the abdomen, the pelvis, and the lower limbs? | cisterna chyli |
| receives lymph from lumbar and intestinal trunk | cisterna chyli |
| which type of lymphocytes attack foreign cells or body cells infected by viruses and involved in the production of cell-mediated immunity? | cytotoxic T cells |
| which type of lymphocytes stimulate the activation and function of both T cells and B cells? | helper T cells |
| which type of lymphocytes inhibit the activation and function of T cells and B cells. | suppressor T cells |
| approximately ____ % of circulating lymphocytes are classified as T cells. B cells account for ____ % of circulating lymphocytes. ____ % of circulating lymphocytes are NK natural killer cells. | 80, 10-15, 5-10 |
| ___ cells are responsible for antibody-mediated immunity. When stimulated they can differentiate into ____ | B, plasma cells |
| ___ are lymphocytes that attack foreign cells and cancer cells that appear in normal tissues. Their continuous monitoring of peripheral tissues has been called _____ | NK cells, immunological surveillance |
| lymphopoiesis involves the red bone marrow, _____, and _____ | thymus, peripheral lymphoid tissues |
| the divisions of hemocytoblasts in red bone marrow of adults generate the ____ cells. The lymphoid stem cells that migrate to the thymus are isolated from the general circulation by the _____, comparable to the blood-brain barrier. | lymphoid stem cells, blood-thymus barrier |
| most B cells move into ___or other lymphoid tissues | lymph nodes, the spleen |
| ___ and ____ that migrate form their origin retain the ability divide. Their divisions produce daughter cells of the same type | T, B cells |
| in a ____ the lymphocytes are densely packed in an area of areolar tissue | lymphoid nodule |
| lymphoid organs (lymph nodes, thymus, and spleen) are separated from surrounding tissues by ___ | fibrous connective tissue capsule |
| clusters of lymphoid nodules deep to the epithelial lining of the intestine are known as __ or ___ | aggregated lymphoid nodules, peyer patches |
| central zone of nodule is ____, which contains ___ | germinal center, dividing lymphocytes |
| lymphoid tissues that protect epithelia of the digestive, reparatory, urinary, and reproductive tracts from pathogens and toxins form the ___ | MALT mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue |
| the lingual tonsils are not usually visible unless they become swollen and infected, a condition known as ___ | tonsillitis |
| the largest lymph nodes are found in ___. These nodes are often called __ | groin, axillae, and base of neck, lymph glands |
| afferent lymphatics ___ | 1. carry lymph to lymph node 2. penetrate capsule of lymph node |
| dendritic cells are involved in ___ | initiation of immune response |
| ______ contains B cells within germinal centers that resemble those of lymphoid nodules | outer cortex |
| deep cortex is dominated by __ | T cells |
| ____ is at the core of the lymph node and contains B cells | medullary sinus |
| ___ leave lymph node at the hilum and collect lymph form the medullary sinus and carry it toward the venous circulation | efferent lymphatics |
| blood vessels and nerves enter and leave the lymph node at the ____, a shallow indentation | hilum |
| fibrous partitions extending inward from the capsule | trabeculae |
| ___ promotes the development and maturation of lymphocytes | thymosin |
| a process where the thymus diminishes in size and becomes increasingly fibrous | involution |
| the thymus contains fibrous partitions called ____, originate at capsule and divide lobes into lobules | septa |
| ____ cells surround clusters of lymphocytes and ensheath blood vessels in cortex, they also maintain the blood-thymus barrier. | reticular epithelial |
| ___ cells secrete thymic hormones that stimulate lymphoid stem cell divisions and T cell maturation | reticular epithelial |
| reticular epithelial cells in the "medulla" cluster together in concentric layers, forming distinctive structures knows as ____ | thymic corpuscles |
| after roughly ___ weeks, developing T cells leave the cortex and enter the medulla | three |
| ____ removes abnormal blood cells, stores iron form recycled rbis, and initiates immune responses by B and T cells to antigens in blood stream | spleen |
| in adults the ____ contains the largest mass of lymphoid tissue in the body | spleen |
| the spleen is attached to the lateral boarder of the stomach by the ___ ligament, a broad band of mesentery | gastrosplenic |
| the ____ surface of the spleen is smooth and convex, conforming to the shape of the diaphragm and body wall | diaphragmatic |
| the medial, visceral surface of the spleen contains indentations that conform to the shape of the ____ and ___ | gastric and renal area |
| splenic blood vessels and lymphatic vessels communicate with the spleen on the visceral surface at the ____, a groove marking the border between the gastric and renal areas | hilum |
| the trabecular arteries are branches of the splenic artery, their fine branches called ____ are surrounded by areas of white pulp | central arteries |
| red pulp contains | rbis, free an fixed macrophages |
Created by:
btuehara
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