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Science Vocab
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Species | living things of the same kind that are able to reproduce successfully |
| Biological Diversity | the variety of species and ecosystems on Earth and the ecological processes of which they are a part; ecosystem diversity, community diversity, and genetic diversity are three main components |
| Ecosystem | A particular environment where living things interact with other living things and non- living things |
| Population | group of individuals of the same species living in an area |
| Community | a group of populations of different species living in the same area |
| Genus | (plural, genera) a category in the classification of living things, more general than a species, but more specific than a family |
| Kingdom | one of the five or six main categories in the current classification system of living things |
| Phyla | (plural, phyla) a major category in the classification of living things, more general than a class, but more specific than a kingdom |
| Subphyla | (plural subphyla) a secondary category of a phylum in the classification of living things, which includes one or more classes |
| Classes | a category in the classification of living things, more general than an order, but more specific than a phylum |
| Orders | a category in the classification of living things, more general than a family, but more specific than a class |
| Families | (in biology) a category in the classification of living things, more general than a genus, but more specific than an order |
| Genera | a category in the classification of living things, more general than a species, but more specific than a family |
| Symbiosis | interaction between two different organisms living in close physical association, typically to the advantage of both. |
| Commensalism | an association between two organisms in which one benefits and the other derives neither benefit nor harm |
| Mutualism | both organisms benifit |
| Parisitism | is a non-mutual symbiotic relationship between species, where one species, the parasite, benefits at the expense of the other, the host |
| inter-species competition | the term given to competition between two or more different species (e.g. lion versus spotted hyena, wildebeest versus lion, grass against tree |
| Niche | a niche is the job or characteristics of an organism examples are: where it lives, what it eats, what it does.... |
| Resource Portioning | This process allows two species to partition certain resources so that one species does not out-compete the other as dictated by the competitive exclusion principle; thus, coexistence is obtained through the differentiation of their ecological niches |
| Variability | variations within a species |
| Natural Selection | a process in which the environment “selects” which individuals will survive and reproduce |
| Heritable characteristics | characteristics that are transmitted from generation to generation, such as eye colour |
| Non - Heritable characteristics | characteristics caused by the environment, such as tanned skin due to exposure to sunlight |
| heritable characteristics | characteristics that are transmitted from generation to generation, such as eye colour |
| Discrete Variation | variation in a heritable characteristic that has an either/or form, such as either being albino or not being albino |
| continuous variation | variation in a heritable characteristic that falls within a range, such as height |
| Asexual Reproduction | reproduction without the fusion of sex cells, resulting identical offspring and parent |
| Binary Fission | a type of asexual reproduction in amoebas and other organisms in which a parent cell divides exactly into two identical cells |
| Budding | g a type of asexual reproduction in which a new organism develops from an outgrowth, or bud, on the parent |
| spores | e a cell produced by asexual reproduction in certain organisms such as ferns, which can develop directly into an adult |
| vegetative reproduction | a type of asexual reproduction in plants that does not involve the formation of a seed |
| Sexual reproduction | reproduction involving the exchange of genetic material between two individuals resulting in offspring that are genetically different from the parents |
| sperm cells | a male sex cell |
| egg cells | a female sex cell |
| fertilization | the union of a female sex cell and a male sex cell |
| Zygote | a fertilized egg |
| cleavage | the first divisions of a fertilized egg |
| embryo | an undeveloped organism in its beginning stages |
| pollen | fine yellow powder on the anthers of flowers, consisting of grains that contain male sex cells (gametes) |
| stamen | the male part of a flower |
| ovules | sac containing the female sex cells (gametes) of a plant |
| pistil | the female reproductive organ of a flower |
| pollination | the transfer of pollen from anther to stigma |
| anther | a part of the stamen that produces pollen and stores it |
| stigma | the female part of a flower, which receives pollen |
| cross pollination | the transfer of pollen from the anther of one plant to the stigma of another by wind, water, or animals |
| cross fertilization | the joining of a gamete from a pollen grain and a gamete from an ovule to form a zygote |
| style | the structure that supports the stigma and connects it with the ovary of a plant |
| ovary | female reproductive organ in which egg cells are produced; in plants, the structure contains the ovules |
| DNA | deoxyribonucleic acid, genetic material found mainly in the nuclei of cells of living things |
| Chromosomes | a structure in which DNA is arranged and along which genes are located |
| genetic code | arrangement of four chemical “letters” on a DNA molecule that can be arranged into “words” that form the instructions for making an organism |
| gene | a segment of DNA, located at one particular place on a chromosome, which determines a specific characteristic of an organism |
| alleles | a possible form of a gene |
| mitosis | a type of cell division that produces two identical daughter cells from one parent cell |
| meiosis | a type of cell division that produces four sex cells from one parent cell; each sex cell contains half the genetic material of the original cell |
| traits | a characteristic of an organism |
| purebred | referring to a plant or animal that has ancestors all with the same form of a trait |
| hybrid | an organism produced by crossing two individuals purebred for different forms of a trait |
| dominant trait | is where if you have 2 traits/genes and one is more common in you family so it wins and example is a person having blue and brown eyed traits but brown was more common in her family. |
| recessive trait | is where you have 2 traits the one that the recessive trait wins over. so its the gene that loses |
| incomplete dominance | this is where you are two genes but none of them are dominant an example would be having a blue eyed gene and green eyed gene but having brown eyes |
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