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Cell & Heredity ch1
Prentice Hall Science Explorer Cells & Heredity Chapter 1
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| cell | The basic unit of structure and function in living things |
| microscope | An instrument that makes small objects look larger |
| compound microscope | A light microscope that has more than one lens |
| cell theory | A widely accepted explanation of the relationship between cells and living things |
| magnification | The ability to make things look larger than they are |
| convex lens | A curved lens in which the center is thicker than the edges |
| resolution | The ability to clearly distinguish the individual parts of an object. |
| organelle | A tiny cell structure That carries out a specific function within the cell |
| cell wall | A rigid layer of nonliving material that surrounds the cells of plants and some other organisms |
| cell membrane | A cell structure that controls which substances can enter or leave the cell |
| nucleus | A cell structure that contains nucleic acids, the chemical instruction that direct all cell activities |
| chromatin | material in cells that contains DNA and carries genetic information |
| cytoplasm | the region between the cell membrane and the nucleus, in organisms without nucleus, the region located inside the cell membrane |
| mitochondrion | Rod-shaped cell structures that produce most of the energy needed to carry out the cell's functions. |
| endoplasmic reticulum | A cell structure that forms a maze of passageways in which proteins and other materials are carried from one part of the cell to another. |
| ribosome | A small grain-like structure in the cytoplasm of a cell where proteins are made |
| Golgi body | A structure in a cell that receives proteins and other newly formed materials from the endoplasmic reticulum, packages them and distributes them to other parts of the cell. |
| chloroplast | A structure in the cells of plants and some other organisms that captures energy from sunlight and uses it to produce food. |
| vacuole | A water-filled sac inside a cell that acts as a storage area. |
| lysosome | A small round cell structure that contains chemicals that break down large food particles into smaller ones |
| element | Any substance that cannot be broken down into simpler substances |
| atom | The smallest unit of an element |
| compound | Two or more elements that are chemically combined |
| molecule | The smallest unit of most compounds |
| organic compound | A compound that contains carbon |
| inorganic compound | A compound that does not contain carbon |
| carbohydrate | Energy-rich organic compounds, such as sugars and starches, that are made of the elements carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen |
| protein | Large organic molecules made of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and sometimes sulfur. |
| amino acid | Small molecules that are linked together chemically to form proteins |
| enzyme | A type of protein that speeds up chemical reactions in living things |
| lipid | Energy-rich organic compounds, such as fats, oils, and waxes, that are made of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen |
| nucleic acid | A very large organic molecule made of carbon, oxygen, hydrogen, nitrogen, and phosphorus that contains instructions that cells need to carry out all the functions of life |
| DNA | Deoxyribonucleic acid, the genetic material that carries information about an organism and is passed from parent to offspring |
| RNA | Ribonucleic acid, a nucleic acid that plays an important role in the production of proteins |
| Selectively permeable | A property of cell membranes that allows some substances to pass through, while others cannot. |
| diffusion | the process by which molecules move from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration. |
| osmosis | The diffusion of water molecules through a selectively permeable membrane |
| passive transport | The movement of materials through a cell membrane without using energy. |
| active transport | The movement of materials though a cell membrane using energy |
Created by:
MrsSchiemann
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