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MIP 302- Midterm
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| three domains | eubacteria, archaea, eukarya |
| five kingdoms | monera, protista, fungi, plantae, animalia |
| what happens if forget gram's iodine (gram stain)? | crystal violet would wash out (both pink) |
| what happens if forget decolorizer (gram stain)? | both purple |
| what happens if forget safranin (gram stain)? | gram negative would be colorless |
| false gram positive reaction | too many cells, under decolorizing |
| false gram negative reaction | over decolorizing, too few cells, too few cells, heat fixing wet, heat fixing too long |
| non-acid fast color | blue |
| acid fast color | hot pink |
| what happens if forget acid alcohol (acid-fast)? | both hot pink |
| what happens if forget methylene blue (acid-fast)? | non-acid fast will be colorless |
| what happens if forget flaming (acid-fast)? | both will be blue (no stain driven in) |
| steps in gram stain | crystal violet, rinse, gram's iodine, alcohol/acetone mixture (decolorizer), safranin, rinse |
| steps in acid fast stain | carbol fuchsin, flame for 5 minutes, acid-alcohol, methylene blue, rinse |
| steps in endospore stain | malachite green, flame for 7 minutes, rinse, safranin, rinse |
| what happens if forget flaming (endospore)? | both pink (no stain driven in) |
| what happens if forget safranin (endospore) | vegetative cells will be colorless |
| special agar for endospores | manganese; cells think they're starving (otherwise endospores won't form) |
| why invert plates before incubation? | to prevent condensation from spreading the streaks on the plate and to prevent air from getting into the plate |
| why is broth not an isolation medium? | it can mix |
| is TSA slant a good isolation medium/ why or why not? | too small of a surface area to be physically separate |
| phage in diluted sample= | # phage original x dilution x volume |
| phage in original sample= | # phage diluted x 1/dilution x 1/volume |
| 10 mL pipettes measured in increments of ___ | 1mL |
| 1 mL pipettes measured in increments of ___ | 0.1mL |
| gram stain of yeast cells and why | have cell wall that picks up crystal violet, so they stain purple |
| what is the acid in acid-fast cells called? | mycolic acid |
| acid fast test: all cells turn purple- why? | no decolorizer to remove carbol fuschin AND lack of rinsing the methylene blue |
| all cells (endospore) blue- why? | lack of rinsing enough with water |
| you can see "clear holes" in a gram stain from endospores- why? | no color is driven in so it appears colorless |
| two reasons bacteria added to phage agar deeps | 1) need host 2) need them to visualize phage |
| why do phage produce plaques? | can only infect adjacent cells |
| why is the bacteria not taken into consideration when doing phage dilutions? | standardized between all samples |
| acceptable # of plaques to report | 30-300 |
| why put bacteria in petri dish before UV exposure? | spread them out so they all are affected by it |
| why remove lid of petri dish before UV exposure? | lid blocks UV |
| 0.2 pore filter would E. coli pass though? | no, but filter was cracked/old |
| after filtration w/ 0.2um pores would microbes be present? | yes viruses |
| what method is most effective for endospore killing? | filtration |
| antibiotic zones | bigger than threshold= susceptible; intermediate; smaller= resistant |
| inhibition of cell wall synthesis example | penicillin |
| inhibition of protein synthesis example | tetracycline |
| inhibition of nucleic acid synthesis example | ofloxacin |
| inhibition of cell membrane example | polymyxin B |
| metabolic antagonism example | sulfa drugs |
| 5 ways Kirby-Bauer antibiotic sensitivity testing | inoculum, medium, antibiotic, incubation, interpretation |
| why McFarland standard for Kirby-Bauer testing | ensure a standard concentration |
Created by:
melaniebeale
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