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HCC
HCC 2008 Pharmacology
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| the nurse practice act says a nurse is.... | legally responsible for safe and accurate drug administration |
| What is Pharmacology? | the study of chemicals(drugs) that alter functions of living organisms |
| What is Pharmacotherapy (drug therapy)? | the use of drugs to prevent, diagnose or treat signs symptoms and disease processes |
| medications are? | drugs given for a therapeutic purpose |
| What is Pharmacokinetics? | drug movement through the body (what the body does to the drug) |
| What is Pharmacodynamics? | Drug actions on target cells and the resulting alterations in cellular biochemical reactions and functions (what the drug does to the body) |
| Drugs are? | chemical substances that affect cellular function |
| Who can prescribe a drug? | A physician, an NP (under the MD) |
| A pharmacist ________ and ________ drugs | prepares and dispenses, MAY NOT prescribe |
| The nurse __________ and __________ drugs | administers and monitors |
| The goal of pharmacology is to? | resolve or lessen disease processes, to treat, and to manage |
| What is a local effect? | works on a specific area of the body |
| what is a systemic effect> | works on various body tissues throughout the body |
| What are some sources of drugs? | plants(morphine), minerals(iron), animals(insulin), synthetic preparations(standard composition, less allergic reactions), biotechnology(DNA and RNA manipulation) |
| Chemical name? | drug's chemical and molecular structure |
| Generic name? | independent of a manufacturer, derived from chemical name |
| Trade/Brand name? | designated and patented by manufacturer, one drug can have several trade names |
| What does a major classification? | according to the body system |
| What is a minor classification? | indicates use or purpose |
| What is a prototype drug? | drug that represents groups of drugs (first drug-standard for comparison) |
| The Pure food and drug act are designed to... | protect the public |
| federal Legislation is responsible for... | Pure food & Drug act, accurate labeling, testing for safety and effectiveness, non-prescription, and prescription drugs |
| Non-prescription drugs are... | over the counter drugs |
| Prescription drugs are.. | controlled and non-controlled, and require a physicians order |
| What is the FDA? | Food and Drug Administration, regulates and monitors drug approval process, enforces drug dispensing laws (can change Rx drugs to OTC) |
| What is the USp and what does it do? | US Pharmacopeia, provides drug standards for quality and strength purity |
| What is the Drug Approval Process? | extensive testing of drugs and clinical trials |
| testing of drugs can be done on... | humans and animals |
| Clinical trials | conducted on humans, try to make sure drugs are safe to go on the market |
| Phase I is | giving the drug to healthy volunteers |
| Phase II is | given to persons with disease or symptoms |
| Phase III | given to a larger group of people with diseases, Blind and double blind studies occur, use of placebo |
| Phase IV | drug is marketed for general use, adverse effects increase, MEDWATCH, drug could still be removed from market during this phase |
| Controlled Substances | narcotics, depressants, stimulants, hallucinogens, high potential for abuse & dependency |
| Drug dependency | Physical: withdrawal S&S occur when drug is stopped, Psychological: addiction |
| Controlled substances Act | regulates the manufacturing and distribution of these drugs |
| DEA | Drug Enforcement Administration- enforces the Controlled Substances Act |
| Schedules, I-V | the lower the #, the higher the potential for abuse, differ in dispensing regulations |
| nursing responsibilities for drugs | must be kept locked, sign-out procedure for each narcotic used (record each drug removed, amount used and amount left ) |
| Wasting narcotics | must be witnessed and co-signed by another nurse |
| Narcotics inventory (count) checked every shift | amount in container= amt on record sheet, discrepancies are reported immediately |
| Drug Information Resources include | American Hospital Formulary Services, Drug Facts and Comparisons, Physicians Desk Reference , Hospital Formulary, Pharmacology textbooks, Drug Handbooks, Package Inserts, Internet |
| What is the drugs action on the Cell? | stimulate or inhibit normal cellular function, cannot add functions, to act drugs must reach adequate concentrations in the blood, after acting they must be eliminated from the body |
| What is Absorption? | time drug enters the body to the time the drug enters the bloodstream to be circulated |
| What is a Dosage? | amount to be given at one time |
| what is a dosage is too small? | no or minimal action will occur |
| what is a dosage is too large> | toxicity can occur |
| a correct dosage does what? | produces the desired affect |
| What is a loading dose? | The first dose given for max effect |
| what is a maintenance dose? | usual dose for therapeutic effect |
| liquid medications are absorbed more ________ than tablets | rapidly |
| What are some different types of tablets? | enteric coated, extended release, scored |
| Enteric coated tablets | coated with a substance designed to bypass the stomach |
| Extended release tablets | CR, SR, LA--- absorbed over different lengths of time, begin to dissolve in the stomach |
| Scored tablets | can be broken into twos threes, or fourths |
Created by:
jaed008
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