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Section 5 Vocab
Atmosphere | the envelope of gases surrounding the earth or another planet. |
Biosphere | the regions of the surface, atmosphere, and hydrosphere of the earth (or analogous parts of other planets) occupied by living organisms. |
Geosphere | any of the almost spherical concentric regions of matter that make up the earth and its atmosphere, as the lithosphere and hydrosphere. |
Hydrosphere | all the waters on the earth's surface, such as lakes and seas, and sometimes including water over the earth's surface, such as clouds. |
Dependent Variable | is the event studied and expected to change whenever the independent variable is altered. |
Independent Variable | variation does not depend on that of another. |
Hypothesis | proposed explanation made on the basis of limited evidence as a starting point for further investigation. |
Scientific Law | a statement based on repeated experimental observations that describes some aspect of the universe. A scientific law always applies under the same conditions, and implies that there is a causal relationship involving its elements. |
Scientific Theory | a well-substantiated explanation of some aspect of the natural world that is acquired through the scientific method and repeatedly tested and confirmed through observation and experimentation. |
Cleavage | A clean break on a mineral |
Fracture | A jagged break |
Hardness | How hard a mineral is |
Luster | How florescent a mineral is |
Streak | the colour of the mineral when it is powdered |
Fractional crystallization | the removal and segregation from a melt of mineral precipitates; except in special cases, removal of the crystals changes the composition of the magma. |
Partial Melting | Minerals that melt before others; creating a slush like substance |
Pegmitite | a coarsely crystalline granite or other igneous rock with crystals several centimeters to several meters in length. |
Compare and contrast mass and weight. | Mass is how much there is inside of it, weight is how heavy it is. They are both measurements |
Mineral- a naturally occurring, inorganic solid with a specific chemical composition and a definite crystalline structure”. | Naturally occurring - happens in nature inorganic solid - not organic Specific Chemical Composition - chemicals it is composed of definate crystalline structure - it is a crystal |
Explain what physical properties could be used to tell the difference between Pyrite (Fool’s Gold) and Gold. | Check the streak, pyrite's will be green instead of yellow. |
5. Given the harness of two different minerals and explain what would happen if they were rubbed together. | One of them will more than likely scratch |
6. Explain how igneous rocks form. | Hardened lava |