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Chemistry of Life
Basic and Beyond Basic Terms
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| carbon | backbone element in macromolecules important to life [B] |
| biogeochemical cycles | the cycle of matter (such as carbon, nitrogen and water) between abiotic and biotic factors. [B] |
| carbohydrates (polymer/monomer) | starch and cellulose are made out of sugar [B] |
| carbohydrates (elements) | carbon (C), hydrogen (H) and oxygen (O) [B] |
| carbohydrates (function) | energy storage and structure [B] |
| proteins (polymer/monomer) | proteins are made out of amino acids [B] |
| proteins (elements) | carbon (C), hydrogen (H), oxygen (O) and nitrogen (N) [B] |
| proteins (function) | acting as enzymes, antibodies and building blocks of the body [B] |
| nucleic acids (polymer/monomer) | DNA and RNA are made out of nucleotides [B] |
| nucleic acids (elements) | carbon (C), hydrogen (H), oxygen (O), nitrogen (N) and phosphorous (P) [B] |
| nucleic acids (function) | molecule of heredity and related functions [B] |
| lipid (elements) | a fat containing carbon (C), hydrogen (H) and oxygen (O) [B] |
| water molecule (2 characteristics) | polarity and hydrogen bonding [BB] |
| cohesion | a property of water in which water molecules bind with water molecules by hydrogen bonds (causes surfaces tension). [BB] |
| adhesion | a property of water in which water molecules bind with other molecules [BB] |
| high specific heat | a property of water in which a large amount of heat must be absorbed or lost for 1 g of water to change its temperature 1°C [BB] |
| universal solvent | a property of water in which it is able to dissolve many other substances [BB] |
| heat of vaporization | a property of water: the amount of heat required to change a certain amount of water into a gas [BB] |
| heat of fusion | a property of water: the amount of heat required to change a certain amount of ice into liquid water [BB] |
| thermal conductivity | a property of water: the rate at which heat passes through (conducts) water [BB] |
| R group | part of an amino acid (can be hydrophobic, hydrophilic or ionic) whose interactions determine structure and function of that part of a protein [BB] |
| phospholipid | the molecules that form the bilayer of cell membranes, having a phosphate group (hydrophilic) and two lipid tails (hydrophobic) [BB] |
| dehydration synthesis | a chemical reaction in which two monomers covalently join with the loss of a water molecule [BB] |
| hydrolysis | a chemical reaction in which a monomer separates from a polymer with the addition of a water molecule [BB] |
Created by:
cfigueiredo
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