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Cell Bio MU
Chap 1
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Cell theory pg. 3 | 1) All organisms are composed of one or more cells 2) The cell is the structural unit of life 3) Cells can arise only by division from a preexisting cell |
| Metabolism pg. 5 | The sum total of the chemical reactions in a cell |
| Basic Properties of a Cell (1-4) pg. 3-7 | 1) Cells are highly complex and organized 2) Cells possess a genetic program and the means to use it 3) Cells are capable of producing more of themselves 4) Cells acquire and utilize energy |
| Cont....(5-9) | 5) Cells carry out a variety of chemical reactions 6) Cells engage in mechanical activities 7) Cells are able to respond to stimuli 8) Cells are capable of self-regulation 9) Cells evolve |
| Organelles pg.7 | Prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells are distinguished by their size and the types of internal structures (organelles) they contain |
| Prokaryotic pg. 7 | Structurally simpler; includes bacteria |
| Eukaryotic pg. 7 | Structurally more complex; include protists, fungi, plants, and animals |
| Nucleoid pg. 10 | Where the genetic material of a prokaryotic cell is present; a poorly demarcated region of the cell that lacks a boundary membrane to separate it from the surrounding cytoplasm |
| Nucleus pg. 10 | In Eukaryotic cells; a region bounded by a complex membranous structure called the nuclear envelope |
| Chromatin pg. 10 | a complex nucleoprotein material; made of chromosomal DNA of eukaryotes, unlike that of prokaryotes, which is tightly associated with proteins to form chromatin |
| Cytosol pg. 12 | The soluble phase of the cytoplasm |
| Nitrogen fixation pg. 14 | The conversion of nitrogen (N2) gas into reduced forms of nitrogen (such as ammonia NH3) that can be used by cells in the synthesis of nitrogen-containing organic compounds including amino acids and nucleotides; many cyanobacteria can photosynthesize too |
| Differentiation pg. 16 | A process that forms specialized cells; ex. red blood cells, bundle of nerve cells, loose connective tissue, bone tissue, striated muscle cells, fat (adipose) cells, intestinal epithelial cells, smooth muscle cells |
| Model Organisms pg. 17 | A small number of "representative" organisms that cell and molecular biologists have focused considerable research activities on; provide a framework to understand those basic processes that are shared by most organisms, especially humans |
| Micrometer (um) & nanometer (nm) pg. 17 | Most commonly used to describe structures within a cell; 1 um = 10^-6 m; 1 nm = 10^-9 m |
| Angstrom (A) pg. 17 | equal to one-tenth of a nm, is commonly employed by molecular biologists for atomic dimensions; 1 angstrom is roughly = to the diameter of a hydrogen atom |
| Hematopoietic stem cells (or HSCs) pg. 20 | Blood-forming cells in the bone marrow; responsible for replacing the millions of red and white blood cells that age and die every minute in our bodies |
| Stem cells pg. 20 | Defined as undifferentiated cells that... 1) are capable of self-renewal, that is, production of more cells like themselves, and 2) are multipotent, that is, are capable of differentiating into two or more mature cell types |
| Embryonic Stem Cells (ES) pg. 21 | A type of stem cell isolated form very young mammalian embryos |
| Virion pg. 24 | Little more than a macromolecular package; outside of a living cell, the virus exists as a particle, or virion |
| Provirus pg. 25 | Integrated viral DNA; can have different effects depending on the type of virus and host cell |
| Viroid pg. 26 | An infectious agent consisting of a small circular RNA molecule that totally lacks a protein coat; changes in size from about 240 to 600 nucleotides, one-tenth the size of the smaller viruses |
Created by:
Briawna
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