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Bio12 Cell

SLS Bio 12 Cell Structures (R.L.)

QuestionAnswer
Cell membrane (AKA plasma membrane)Outer membrane of a cell. Regulates movement of materials in and out of the cell.
Cell wall The supportive structures outside of the cell membrane is plant cells.Cell walls provides rigidity to plants.
Cellular respiration Cellular respiration is the set of metabolic reactions and processes that take place in the cells of organisms to convert biochemical energy from nutrients into adenosine triphosphate (ATP), and then release waste products.
Chloroplast The eukaryotic organelle that contains chlorophyll. Responsible for photosynthesis.
Chromatin Inside the nucleus, network of fibrils consisting of DNA and protein. Ensures proper cell division.
Chromosome Genetic material consisting of DNA and small proteins called histones. Ensures proper enzyme production.
Cristae Shelf-like folds of the inner membrane of a mitochondrion. The cristae contain enzyme complexes that conduct many of the reactions of cellular respiration.
Cytoplasm The watery fluid within a cell's plasma membrane in which organelles are suspended.
Cytoskeleton The internal framework of a cell. Consists of protein filaments and strands. Some maintain cell shape, others allow shape to alter.
Golgi bodies Organelles that modifies lipids and proteins, sorts and packages them in vesicles.
Lysosome Double outer membrane, spherical in shape. Digests molecules, contains digestive enzymes. Produced by the Golgi body.
Matrix The inner fluid of the mitochondria. The cristae membrane surrounds the matrix. Important in cellular respiration.
Mitochondria Medium sized organelle. Has membrane and smaller organelles within. Contains cristae, matrix, and enzymes to break down carbohydrates to use for energy.
Nuclear envelope The double membrane containing pores, which surrounds a nucleus.
Nuclear pore Opening in the nuclear envelope. Permits passage of proteins into the nucleus and ribosonal subunits of the nucleus.
Nucleolus The region of a nucleus containing the chromatin that is associated with making the ribosomal subunits. Does not have a membrane
Nucleus The region of a cell surrounded by the nuclear membrane. Contains the cell's genetic material. The location of replication, transcription, as well as mutations.
Organelle A functional structure in a cell.
Polysome Consisting of several ribosomes clustered together for the mass production of a protein.
Ribosome A non-membrane organelle that has two subunits which are assembled at the nucleolus. Conducts translation, the final stage of protein synthesis.
Rough ER Has ribosomes embedded in its membrane. The ribosomes make proteins that travel through the ER to be packaged into vesicles for later use.
Smooth ER Long smooth looking winding tubes. Packages protein for transport and synthesizes membrane phospholipid.
Vacuole The organelle responsible for storage and waste.
Vesicle Contains material for transport in a cell. Made by the ER, Golgi body and the cell membrane.
Created by: rickli1
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