Help
Options
Didn't know it?
click below
click below
Knew it?
click below
click below
Don't Know
Remaining cards (0)
Know
retry
shuffle
restart
0:00
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
SLSBiomolecules (BH)
SLS Bio12 Biomolecules (BH)
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Acid | They are chemical compounds which yield hydrogen ions or protons when dissolved in water, whose hydrogen can be replaced by metals or basic radicals, or which react with bases to form salts and water |
| Adenosine Triphosphate | ATP transports chemical energy within cells for metabolism. It is one of the end products of cellular respiration, and fermentation and used by enzymes and structural proteins in many cellular processes, including biosynthetic reactions, and cell division |
| Amino Acid | Biologically important organic compounds composed of amine (-NH2) and carboxylic acid (-COOH) functional groups, along with a side-chain specific to each amino acid. They are the building blocks of protein, which makes up much of our body's structure. |
| Base | In chemistry, a base is a substance that, in aqueous solution, is slippery to the touch, tastes bitter, turns red litmus paper blue, reacts with acids to form salt, and yield hydroxide ions when dissolved by water. |
| Buffer | Is used to prevent changes in the pH of a solution. Buffer solutions are used as a means of keeping pH at a nearly constant value in a wide variety of chemical applications. |
| Carbohydrate | A large macromolecule consisting of carbon,oxygen, and hydrogen. It's empirical formula is CH2O, with an exception of the sugars in DNA, which have a formula of C5H10O4. They are a major source of fuel for metabolism, and are converted to larger subunits |
| Complementary Base Pairing | The manner in which the nitrogenous bases of the DNA molecules align with each other. Complementary base pairings are also responsible for the double-helix structure of DNA. |
| Dehydration Synthesis | A chemical reaction that involves the loss of a water molecule from the reacting molecule.Two monosaccharides (glucose a using dehydration synthesis. The new molecule, consisting of two monosaccharides, is called a disaccharide. |
| Deoxyribonucleic Acid (DNA) | A long polymer made from many repeating subunits known as nucleotides. These strands of subunits are intertwined by covalent bonds into a helix formation, with a phosphate backbone and bases pairing within it. |
| Dipeptide | Two amino acids joined together through the process of dehydration synthesis. |
| Disaccharide | Two saccharides bonded together through the process of dehydration synthesis ie:Glucose and Fructose form Sucrose. |
| Double Helix | The structure of two DNA strands (nucleotides) that have become intertwined with one another in a covalent bond. |
| Hemoglobin | An enzyme which carries oxygen rich blood from the respiratory organs to the rest of the body |
| Hydrogen Bonding | An electrostatic attraction between polar molecules that occurs when a hydrogen atom bound to a highly electronegative atom such as nitrogen, oxygen or fluorine experiences attraction to some other nearby highly electronegative atom. |
| Hydrolysis | The breaking of a bond through the input of water. The OH and H ion's of a polymer are broken apart to form two smaller and less complex monomers. |
| Lipid | Hydrophobic molecules that make up the membrane of any cell in an aqueous solution. The membrane of a cell is what separates the inter and extracellular components of the environment surrounding the cell. |
| Monomer | A molecule that may bind chemically (hydrolysis) to other molecules to form a polymer. Ie: glucose can be bonded together to form cellulose, starch, or glycogen. |
| Monosccharide | The most basic unit of carbohydrates that can be bonded together to form other more complex sugars such as disaccharides or polysaccharides. |
| Neutral Fat | One or more fatty acids that are combined through the process of dehyrdration synthesis. |
| Nucleic Acids | A polymer of Nucleotides, nucleic acids encode and transmit genetic information. |
| Nucleotide | A monomer of Nucleic Acids, they are composed of a nitrogenous base, a phosphate group, and a five carbon chain |
| Organic | Living, breathing molecules which can either grow or decay over time to form organic matter. |
| Peptide Bond | A covalent chemical bond formed between two molecules when the carboxyl group of one molecule reacts with the amino group of the other molecule |
| pH | A measure of the acidic or basic nature of an aqueous nature which ranges from a high pH (14=basic) to a low pH (1=Acidic) |
| Phospholipid | A class of lipids which forms the cell membrane of all cells in the body. It's structure is composed of a hydrophilic head and a hydrophobic tail. All molecules that wish to enter the cell must diffuse through the cell membrane first. |
| Polarity | The separation of the electrical charge of a compound, in which one pole is positive and the other is negative. (H20) |
| Polymer | A macromolecule composed of many repeating subunits. |
| Polypeptide | The coming together of many peptide bonds to form a more complex structured molecule. |
| Polysaccharide | Long chains of monosaccharide units that have joined together in glycosidic bonds. Ex: Starch, Cellulose, and glycogen |
| Primary Structure | The least complex of the protein structures, they are composed of a linear sequence of amino acids. |
| Protein | Large macromolecules consisting of one or more long chains of amino acids. They have many functions in the human body, including the catalyzing of metabolic reactions and the transportation of molecules. |
| Quaternary Stucture | The arrangement of a protein folded or coiled multiple times over itself and it's molecules structured in a multi-subunit complex. |
| R-group | A side chain attached to the carbon group of an amino acid. |
| Ribonucleic Acid (RNA) | Unlike DNA, RNA is more often found in nature as a single-strand folded unto itself, rather than a paired double-strand. Cellular organisms use messenger RNA to convey genetic information that directs synthesis of specific proteins. |
| Saturated Fatty Acid | A fat that consists of triglycerides containing only saturated fatty acids. Saturated fatty acids have no double bonds between the individual carbon atoms of the fatty acid chain. |
| Secondary Structure | When two nucleotides bond and intertwine with one another, they form a helical structure, with the nitrogenous base's hydrogens bonding together in pairs. |
| Solvent | A substance that dissolves a solute. An example of this is water, which is known as the universal solvent due to it's electromagnetic structure. |
| Starch | One of the three main polysaccharides, the structure of starch is somewhat linear, with it's sugars being arranged in the same direction and it functions as an energy storage unit for plants. |
| Steriod | A large class of organic compounds that possess a molecular structure containing four rings of carbon atoms. These compunds carry out many functions, which include the regulation of the bodies systems on a molecular level. Ex: Cholesterol |
| Tertiary Structure | Occurs when two helix-shaped secondary structures are connected by a single poypeptide chain backbone. |
| Unsaturated Fatty Acid | A fatty acid in which there is one or more double bonds within the fatty acid chain. Unlike a saturated fat, unsaturated fatty acids do not have the maximum number of hydrogens bonded to it, and so a double bond is formed between two carbons. |
| Nitrogenous Base | An organic molecule with a nitrogen atom that has the chemical properties of a base, nitrogenous bases primary function is to bond nucleic acids together in DNA molecule. |
Created by:
bhaslam123
Popular Biology sets