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SLS14 Bio 12 cell LM
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Cell | Structural and functional unit of an organism; the smallest structure capable of performing all the functions necessary for life. |
| Cell Wall | Structure that surrounds a plant, protistan, fungal, or bacterial cell and maintains the cell’s shape and rigidity. |
| Chloroplast | Membranous organelle that contains chlorophyll and is the site of photosynthesis. |
| Chromatin | Network of fibrils consisting of DNA and associated proteins observed within a nucleus that is not dividing. |
| Chromosome | Rodlike structure in the nucleus seen during cell division; contains the hereditary units, or genes. |
| Cristae | Short, fingerlike projections formed by the folding of the inner membrane of mitochondria. |
| Cytoplasm | Contents of a cell between the nucleus and the plasma membrane that contains the organelles. |
| Cytoskeleton | Internal framework of the cell, consisting of microtubules, actin filaments, and intermediate filaments. |
| Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) smooth and rough | Membranous system of tubules, vesicles, and sacs in cells, sometimes having attached ribosomes. Rough ER has ribosomes; smooth ER does not. |
| Eukaryotic Cell | One of the two major types of cells; contain a nucleus. |
| Golgi bodies | Organelle, consisting of flattened saccules and also vesicles, that processes, packages, and distributes molecules about or from the cell. |
| Lysosome | Membrane-bounded vesicle that contains hydrolytic enzymes for digesting macromolecules. |
| Mitochondrion | Membrane-bounded organelle in which ATP molecules are produced during the process of cellular respiration. |
| Motor Molecule | Protein that derives energy from ATP to propel itself along a protein filament or microtubule. |
| Nuclear Envelope | Double membrane that surrounds the nucleus and is continuous with the endoplasmic reticulum. |
| Nuclear Pore | Opening in the nuclear envelope that permits the passage of proteins into the nucleus and ribosomal subunits out of the nucleus. |
| Nucleoid | Region of a bacterium where the bacterial chromosome is found; it is not bounded by a nuclear envelope. |
| Nucleolus | Dark-staining, spherical body in the nucleus that produces ribosomal subunits. |
| Nucleus | Membrane-bounded organelle within a eukaryotic cell that contains chromosomes and controls the structure and function of the cell. |
| Organelle | Small, often membranous structure in the cytoplasm, having a specific structure and function. |
| Polyribosome | String of ribosomes simultaneously translating regions of the same mRNA strand during protein synthesis. |
| Prokaryotic cell | Lacking a membrane-bounded nucleus and organelles; the cell type within the domains Bacteria and Archaea. |
| Ribosome | RNA and protein in two subunits; site of protein synthesis in the cytoplasm. |
| Vacuole | Membrane-bounded sac that holds fluid and a variety of other substances. |
| Vesicle | Small, membrane-bounded sac that stores substances within a cell. |
| Cell membrane | the semipermeable membrane surrounding the cytoplasm of a cell. |
| Cellular respiration | Cellular respiration is the set of metabolic reactions and processes that take place in the cells of organisms to convert biochemical energy from nutrients into adenosine triphosphate (ATP), and then release waste products. |
| Matrix | the intercellular substance of a tissue or the tissue from which a structure develops |