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Biology Chapter 2
Extra Study for the Biology Test
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Name the four main macromolecules | carbohydrates, proteins, nucleic acids, lipids |
| the job of carbohydrates | provides energy |
| carbohydrates are made of | monosaccharides |
| carbs consist of | carbon, hydrogen and oxygen |
| glucose is a | carb |
| glucose and other monosaccharides do what | form chains bend form rings |
| many monosaccharides | polysaccharides |
| lipds are made of | glycerol and fatty acids |
| lipds do what? | store energy and create waterproof skin. They are part of biological membranes. |
| proteins are made of | amino acids |
| what is the R-group? | a side chain of protein that varies |
| how many r-groups are there? | 20 |
| peptide bonds an polymers do what | link amino acids |
| waht is it called when many peptide bonds link amino acids | polypeptide |
| nucleic acids are made of? | nucleotides |
| nucleic acids contain waht? | sugar, phosphate adn nitrogen |
| what do nucleic acids do? | transmit hereditary information, DNA and RNA |
| stores energy | lipids |
| builds muscle | proteins |
| amino acids | protein |
| heridary info | nucleic acids |
| monosaccharides | carbohydrates |
| fights disease | proteins |
| provides energy | carbohydrates |
| fights disease | proteins |
| provides energy | carbs |
| DNA or RNA | nucleic acids |
| controls reaction rates | proteins |
| atoms are | the basic unit of matter |
| elements are | the smallest substance of matter |
| compounds and molecules are | two or more elements |
| what are three subatomic particles and their charges | protons-positive, neutrons-neutral, electrons-negative |
| atoms that gain or lose electrons when bonding form what | ionic bonds |
| sharing electrons | covalent bonds |
| metal and non-metal | ionic bond |
| 2 non-metals | covalent bonds |
| carbon is special because | it bonds four different ways |
| carbon has how many electrons in its outside energy level | 4 |
| monomer | single unit |
| polymer | many monomers |
| macromolecules | giant molecules |
| name two places where enzymes are located | liver and mouth |
| whatt is dissociation | separation |
| acid | more h+ than water |
| base | less H+ than water |
| what is water's chemical formula | H2O |
| What type of bond is water | covalent |
| does hydrogen and oxygen share evenly | no |
| what is the greatest solvent in the world | water |
| what is the most abundant molecule found in living things | water |
| what causes a meniscus? | surface tension |
| what pH is neutral | 7 |
| further from 7 | stronger |
| acids taste | sour |
| bases feel | slippery |
| acids turn litmus paper | red |
| bases turn litmus paper | pink |
| if acids and bases are strong they will | burn |
| waht is a chemical reaction | one substance is changed into something different |
| what is an example of a chemical reaction | sugar becoming energy in our cells |
| what is a reactant | the start material in a chemical reaction |
| some reactions | release or absorb energy |
| activation energy | the energy required to start a chemical reaction |
| how does an enzyme change a reaction | by lowering the activation energy |
| enzyme | made of protein |
| catalyst | speeds up chemical reactions |
| substrate | a perfect fit or reactant of an enzyme |
| concentration | amount of substance in a given volume |
| optimum condition | enzymes function most or are active in specific conditions known as optimum conditions |
| denaturing the protein | substrate no longer fits |
| what happens to the rate of a reaction as an enzyme increases | the reaction rate of reaction speeds up |
| what heppens to the rate of reaction as a substrate increase | reaction rate increases intiially then reaches maximum capacity |
| when a hypothesis is proven many times what does it become? | a theory |
| for a hypothesis to be useful what must we be able to do | test it |
| what is the pH range of an oven cleaner | 8-14 |
| many sugars comgined together makes up what carbohudrate molecule | starch |
| what are the building blocks of RNA and DNA | nucleotides |
| monosaccharides are the building blocks af what macromolecule | carbs |
| what is the main source of energy for all living things | carbs |
| why is the enzyme substrate complex compared to a lock and key | precise fit |
| how many different reactions can an enzyme speed up | one |
| what is the basic unit of all matter | atom |
| which macromolecule is used to store energy | lipids |
| what is the greates solvent in the worlds | water |
| which macromolecule found in our skin helps to waterproof it? | lipids |
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