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Genetics Terms
Test #1
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Cavemen ideas | Domestication of animals; agriculture; stock animals; unnatural selection |
| Human ideas | Royalty; Humunculus Theory; Blending |
| Define Unnatural Selection | Humans interfere with the selection process |
| Define Humunculus Theory | Idea that semen contains a little human being; if woman is godly, a male will be born. |
| What is the idea of having a bleeder? | If a mother has a son that is a bleeder when circumcised, no sons after that will be circumcised; sister's sons will be exempt as well; borther's sons will not be exempt (idea that females carry the gene) |
| Who is Cotton Mather | 1st american geneticist; bred corn |
| Gregor Mendel | father of genetics |
| What type of plant did Gregor Mendel grow, and what was the scientific name of it? | Garden pea; Psium Sativa |
| What theory did Mendel want to prove? | The Theory of Blending |
| What is blending? | Crossing two different color plants with each other to share characteristics. |
| Who is William of Occam? | He is the man who created the Law of Parsimony |
| What is the Law of Parsimony? | The simplest solution is most often the correct one. |
| What is a factor? | A gene. |
| What is a genotype? | what genes are present in an organism for a particular trait or traits |
| What is homozygous? What are the two types of homozygous? | Traits are the same. Can be dominant or recessive. |
| What is heterozygous? | Traits are different. |
| What is a phenotype? | The physical description of an organism's traits |
| What is a dominant gene? | Gene expressed in either homozygous or heterozygous condition ex) Red White, Red Red |
| What is a recessive gene? | Only expressed in homozygous condition ex) White White |
| What are alleles? | Genes that control the same trait and found at the same locus |
| What are chromosomes? | Packages of genes. |
| What is Mendel's first rule? | Segregation- traits are controlled by 2 genes. When gametes are formed, the factors segregate themselves so that each ends up in a separate gamete. |
| What is a monohybrid cross? | Cross that follows one trait. |
| What is a Dihybrid cross? | Cross that follows two traits. |
| What are the names for crosses 1-10? | Monohybrid, Dihybrid, Trihybrid, Tetrahybrid, Pentahybrid, Hexahybrid, Heptahybrid, Octahybrid, Nonahybrid, Decahybrid |
| What is Mendel's second rule? | Independent Assortment; When gametes are formed, the alleles for each trait assort themselves independently of other allelic pairs-- all possible combinations |
| What are the genotypes associated with CF? | FF= normal Ff= Carrier ff= Fibrotic (males are sterile) |
| What is the formula for deciding how many gametes you will have? | 2^x x=number of pairs |
| What was the name of the paper Mendel presented in the 1860s? | Plant Hybrid |
| Which three botanists rediscovered Mendelian Principles? | Correns, deVries, vonTschermark (all worked independently) |
| What is it called when genes don't behave like they should? | non-Mendelian |
| What is an example of non-Mendelian genetics? | Co-dominance |
| What are the offspring from the first generation of parents called? | Filial |
| What was Incomplete Dominance found in? | Japanese 4 O'clocks |
| What is true breeding? | When a genoptype is homozygous for the trait |
| What are the genotypes associated with Manx cats? | MM- lethal during gestation Mm- Manx mm- normal |
| What is the selfish gene theory? | genes make a machine; next generation will carry on your genes, but not your specific genotype |
| What are other Lethal diseases? | Manx, Tay Sachs, Huntington's Chorea (later on in life), Achondroplasic Dwarf |
| What are the genotypes associated with dwarfism? | DD- Lethal Dd- Dwarf dd- normal |
| Who discovered sex linkage? In what species? | Thomas Hunt Morgan; fruit flies |
| What system did Thomas Hunt Morgan develop? | The drosophila system; figured out how to grow and figured out how to set up crosses, put to sleep, etc. |
| What are the two most common sex-linked traits? | Color blindness and Hemophilia |
| What does it mean to be sex-linked? | Gene locus is on the X-chromosome |
| What are blood types determined by? | Cell Surface Markers |
| What are cell surface markers? | family of molecules involved in immune recognition |
| Who developed the idea of Blood Typing? | Landsteiner |
| What antibodies does A blood have? | B Anti |
| What antibodies does B blood have? | A Anti |
| What antibodies does 0 blood have? | Anti A, Anti B |
| What antibodies does AB blood have? | None |
| What do you look for when you mix two peoples blood? | Hemagglutination; this is bad because the blood is clotting together |
| Which blood type is the universal donor? | O |
| What blood type is the universal receiver? | AB |
| How is ABO inherited? AKA- What is dominant to what? | A is dominant to O. B is dominant to O. A and B are codominant. |
| What does Rh stand for? | Rhesus |
| Can an Rh + person receive - blood? | Yes |
| Can an Rh - person receive + blood? | No |
| What are the three blood type cross rules? | 1)An O parent cannot have an AB child. 2)An AB positive parent cannot have an O child. 3)Two negatives can not have a positive. |
| Whose two blood types need to be known to do a paternity test? | Baby blood and mom's blood. Possible father's bloods. |
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