Microscopic procaryotes most are beneficial to humans and to the environment, but a small percentage can cause disease.

Area in a prokaryotic cell that contains a large, circular chromosome.

Polysccharide layer secreted around the cell wall by some prokaryotes that prevents the cell from drying out and helps the cell attach to environmental surfaces.

Hair like, submicroscopic structure made of protein that can help a bacterial cell attach to environmental surfaces and act as a bridge between cells.

Asexual form of reproduction used by some prokaryotes in which a cell divides into two genetically identical cells.

Form of reproduction used by some prokaryotes in which the prokaryotes cells attach to each other and exchange genetic material.

Dormant bacterial cell able to survive for long periods of time during extreme environmental conditions.

Nonliving strand of genetic material that cannot replicate on its own, has a nucleic acid core, a protein coat, and can invade cells and alter cellular function.

Outer protein layer that surrounds the genetic material of a virus.

Viral replication process in which genetic material of the virus enters the host cell's cytoplasm, the cell replicates the viral DNA or RNA, and the host cell in instructed to manufacture capsids and assemble new viral particles which then leave the cell.

Viral replication process in which viral DNA inserts into host cell's chromosome, may remain dormant and later activate and instruct the host cell to produce more viruses.

RNA virus, such as HIV, with reverse transcriptase in its core.

Protein that can cause infection or disease.

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Chapter 18 vocab

Chapter 18 bio 2 vocab

Term	Definition
Bacteria	Microscopic procaryotes most are beneficial to humans and to the environment, but a small percentage can cause disease.
Nucleoid	Area in a prokaryotic cell that contains a large, circular chromosome.
Capsule	Polysccharide layer secreted around the cell wall by some prokaryotes that prevents the cell from drying out and helps the cell attach to environmental surfaces.
Pilus	Hair like, submicroscopic structure made of protein that can help a bacterial cell attach to environmental surfaces and act as a bridge between cells.
Binary Fission	Asexual form of reproduction used by some prokaryotes in which a cell divides into two genetically identical cells.
Conjugation	Form of reproduction used by some prokaryotes in which the prokaryotes cells attach to each other and exchange genetic material.
Endospore	Dormant bacterial cell able to survive for long periods of time during extreme environmental conditions.
Virus	Nonliving strand of genetic material that cannot replicate on its own, has a nucleic acid core, a protein coat, and can invade cells and alter cellular function.
Capsid	Outer protein layer that surrounds the genetic material of a virus.
Lytic Cycle	Viral replication process in which genetic material of the virus enters the host cell's cytoplasm, the cell replicates the viral DNA or RNA, and the host cell in instructed to manufacture capsids and assemble new viral particles which then leave the cell.
Lysogenic Cycle	Viral replication process in which viral DNA inserts into host cell's chromosome, may remain dormant and later activate and instruct the host cell to produce more viruses.
Retrovirus	RNA virus, such as HIV, with reverse transcriptase in its core.
Prion	Protein that can cause infection or disease.

Created by: Jsmith3

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