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Genetics Vocab
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| heredity | the passing on of physical or mental characteristics genetically from one generation to another |
| trait | a distinguishing quality or characteristic, typically one belonging to a person |
| genetics | the study of heredity and the variation of inherited characteristics. |
| fertilization | the action or process of fertilizing an egg, female animal, or plant, involving the fusion of male and female gametes to form a zygote. |
| pure bred | bred from parents of the same breed or variety |
| gene | a unit of heredity that is transferred from a parent to offspring and is held to determine some characteristic of the offspring |
| alleles | one of two or more alternative forms of a gene that arise by mutation and are found at the same place on a chromosome |
| dominant allele | An allele that expresses its phenotypic effect even when heterozygous with a recessive allele |
| recessive allele | allele masked with dominant allele |
| hybrid | the offspring of two plants or animals of different species or varieties, such as a mule |
| probability | the extent to which something is probable; the likelihood of something happening or being the case. |
| punnet square | The Punnett square is a diagram that is used to predict an outcome of a particular cross or breeding experiment |
| phenotype | the set of observable characteristics of an individual resulting from the interaction of its genotype with the environment |
| genotype | the genetic constitution of an individual organism |
| homozygous | having two identical alleles for a trait |
| heterozygous | two different alleles for a trait |
| codomminance | is a relationship between two versions of a gene |
| meiosis | a type of cell division that results in four daughter cells each with half the number of chromosomes of the parent cell |
| messenger rna | the form of RNA in which genetic information transcribed from DNA as a sequence of bases is transferred to a Ribosome. |
| transfer rna | RNA consisting of folded molecules that transport amino acids from the cytoplasm of a cell to a ribosome. |
| mutation | the changing of the structure of a gene |