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Heredity and Genetic
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| chromosomes | A double rod of condensed chromatin |
| genes | The set of information that controls a trait |
| alleles | The different forms of genes |
| dominant alleles | An allele whose trait always shows up when the allele is present. |
| recessive alleles | An allele that is masked when another allele is present |
| homozygous alleles | Having two same allele for a trait |
| heterozygous alleles | Having two different allele for a trait |
| phenotype | An organism's physical appearance or visible trait |
| genotype | An organism's genetic makeup, or allele combinations |
| codominance | A condition in which neither two alleles of a gene is neither dominant or recessive |
| Heredity | The passing of traits from the parents to offspring |
| Hybrid | An organism that has two different alleles for a trait |
| Purebred | The offspring of many generations that have the same traits |
| Trait | A characteristic that an organism can pass on to its offspring through genes |
| Offspring | The child that genes and traits are passed onto |
| Meiosis | The process that occurs in the formation in sex cells |
| diploid | having two similar complements of chromosomes |
| haploid | Sticking to a single set of chromosomes |
| mutation | A change in a gene or chromosome |
| insertion | attachment of a part or organ |
| deletion | a segment of the chromosome is removed or lost |
| substitution | to take the place of something or someone |
| sex-linked genes | a gene that is carried that is carried on the x or y chromosome |
| carrier | a person who has one recessive allele for a trait,but does not have the trait |
| sex chromosomes | A pair of chromosomes carrying genes that determine weather a person is male or female |
| genetic disorder | An abnormal condition that a person inherits through genes or chromosomes |
| inbreeding | a selective breeding method in which two individuals with identical or similar sets of alleles are crossed |
| pedigree | a chart that tracks which family members have a particular trait |
| selective breeding | produce offspring with desirable characteristics or for the elimination of a trait |
| hybridization | a selective breeding method in which two genetically different individuals are crossed |
| clone | an organism that is genetically identical to the organism from which it was produced |
| genetic engineering | the transfer of a gene from the DNA of one organism in order to produce an organism with desired traits |
| gene therapy | The insertion of working copies of a gene into the cells of a person with a genetic disorder in an attempt to correct the disorder |
| Fertilization | The joining of a sperm and an egg |
| Probability | A number that describes how likely it is that an event will occur |
| Punnet Squares | A chart that shows all the possible combinations of alleles that can result from a genetic cross |
| Messenger RNA | RNA that copies the coded message from DNA in the nucleus and carries the message into the cytoplasm |
| Transfer RNA | RNA in the cytoplasm that carries an amino acid to the ribosome and adds it to the growing protein chain |
| Multiple Alleles | Three or more forms of genes that code for a single trait |
| Karyotype | A picture of all the chromosomes in a cell arranged in pairs |
| Genome | All the DNA in one cell of an organism |
Created by:
Sweete
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