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Genetics

Vocabulary:Definition:
Heredity The passing of traits from parents to off-spring.
Trait A characteristic that an organism can pass on to its offspring through its genes.
Genetics The scientific study of heredity.
Fertilization The joining a sperm and an egg.
Gene The set of information that controls a trait; a segment of DNA on chromosome that codes for a specific trait.
Alleles The different forms of a gene.
Dominant Allele An allele whose trait always shows up in the organism when the allele is present.
Recessive Allele An allele that is masked when a dominant allele is present.
Hybrid An organism that has two different alleles for a trait: an organism that is heterozygous for a particular trait.
Probability A number that describes how likely is is that an event will occur.
Punnett Square A chart that shows all the possible combinations of alleles that can result from a genetic cross.
Phenotype An organism's physical appearance , or visible traits.
Genotype An organism's genetic makeup, or allele combinations.
Homozygous Having two identical alleles for a trait.
Heterozygous Having two different alleles for a trait.
Codominance A condition in which neither of two alleles of a gene is dominant nor recessive.
Meiosis The stage of the cell cycle during which the cell's nucleus divides into two nuclei and one copy of the DNA is distributed into each daughter cell.
Messenger RNA RNA that copies the coded message from DNA in the nucleus and carries the message into the cytoplasm.
Transfer RNA RNA in the cytoplasm that carries an amino acid to the ribosome and adds it to the growing protein chain.
Mutation A change in a gene or chromosome.
Purebread The offspring of many generations that have the same traits.
Created by: Loren_James10
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