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ES Ch. 5 Sec. 1
Vocabulary
Term | Definition |
---|---|
lava | magma that flows out onto Earth's surface. |
igneous rock | intrusive or extrusive rock formed from the cooling and crystallization of magma or lava. |
partial melting | process in which different minerals melt into magma at different temperatures, changing its composition. |
Bowen's reaction series | sequential, predictable, dual-branched pattern in which minerals crystallize from cooling magma. |
fractional crystallization | process in which different minerals crystallize from magma at different temperatures, removing elements from magma. |
intrusive rock | coarse-grained igneous rock that is formed when molten rock cools slowly and solidifies inside Earth's crust. |
extrusive rock | fine-grained igneous rock that is formed when molten rock cools quickly and solidifies on Earth's surface. |
basaltic rock | rock that is dark colored, has lower silica contents, and is rich in iron and magnesium; contains mostly plagioclase and pyroxene. |
granitic rock | light-colored rock that has high silica content, and contains quartz and potassium feldspar. |
texture | the size, shape, and distribution of the crystals or grains that make up a rock. |
porphyritic texture | rock texture characterized by large, well-formed crystals surrounded by finer-grained crystals of the same or different mineral. |
vesicular texture | a spongy-looking rock; lava whose gas bubbles do not escape. |
pegmatite | veins deposits of extremely large-grained minerals that can contain rare ores such as lithium and beryllium. |
kimberlite | rare, ultramafic rock that can contain diamonds and other minerals formed only under very high pressures. |