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Biol 104 Ch 5

membrane transport 7 cell signaling

TermDefinition
Cytoplasmic streaming circulation of cytoplasm within a plant cell (Ex. Elodea)
Phagocytosis Bulk transport of SOLID nutrients across a cell membrane; “cell eating”
Pinocytosis Bulk transport of DISSOLVED nutrients across a cell membrane; “cell drinking”
Fluid Mosaic Model the concept that the bilayer phospholipid membrane is “flow-y” and things such as proteins can move around in the membrane
Selectively permeable "a picky membrane;" some things can go through a cell membrane, while others can’t
Phospholipid bilayer the main component of a cell membrane with a phosphate head and lipid tail
Hydrophobic "afraid of water;” describes the lipid regions of the cell membrane
Transport proteins Proteins in a cell membrane that help particles enter or leave a cell.
Diffusion/Passive transport spontaneous movement of particles from high to low concentrations. Does not require any energy.
Concentration gradient measurement of how a concentration changes from one place to another
Osmosis specific name for diffusion of water
Isotonic solution when a cell is immersed in this environment, there is no net movement of water, due to equal solute concentrations inside and outside the cell. This is the healthiest state for animal cells.
Hypotonic solution when a cell is immersed in this environment, there is a net movement of water INTO the cell, because there is a greater nonpenetrating solute concentration inside the cell, compared to the surrounding solution. The cell gets bigger and could rupture (if no cell wall). This is the healthiest state for a plant.
Hypertonic solution when a cell is immersed in this environment, there is a net movement of water OUT of the cell, because there is a greater nonpenetrating solute concentration in the surrounding solution, compared to inside the cell. The cell will shrink from water loss.
Turgid term describing a cell that is swollen because it has a high concentration of water.
Flaccid term describing a cell that is "floppy," because its concentration of water is not adequate.
Plasmolysis Process in which a plant cell is put into a hypertonic environment, causing the cell membrane to shrink away from the cell wall.
Facilitated diffusion Passive transport utilizing a protein channel
Endocytosis general term for the processes used by a cell to bring materials IN (think- imports)
Exocytosis process of a cell secreting/ sending materials OUT (think- exports)
Integral protein a protein that is located all the way through the cell membrane
Peripheral protein a protein that is located only on the surface of a cell membrane
Tonicity the ability of a surrounding solution to cause a cell to gain or lose water, based on impermeable solute concentrations
Created by: PRO Teacher etucci
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