Help
Options
Didn't know it?
click below
click below
Knew it?
click below
click below
Don't Know
Remaining cards (0)
Know
retry
shuffle
restart
0:00
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
ES 03 Rocks & Cycle
Terms associated with the three rock types and the rock cycle.
| Description | Term |
|---|---|
| naturally-occurring inorganic crystalline solid with definite composition | mineral |
| solid in Earth's crust made of a mixture of minerals | rock |
| the three rock types | igneous, sedimentary, metamorphic |
| rock that forms when magma or lava cools and crystallizes | igneous rock |
| slushy mixture of molten rock, dissolved gases, and (solid) mineral crystals | magma |
| the most common element in Earth's crust and the magma from which it forms | oxygen |
| the second most common element in Earth's crust and the magma from which it forms | silicon |
| the most abundant mineral compound in magma | silica |
| chemical formula for silica | SiO2 |
| mineral name for silica | quartz |
| dark, very fluid, most common magma type that is about 50% silica | basaltic (mafic) |
| lightest, thickest (more viscous) magma type that is about 70% silica | rhyolitic (felsic) |
| four factors that affect the formation of magma (T,P,W&M content) | temperature, pressure, water content, mineral content |
| as you go deeper into Earth's crust, temperature _?_ | increases |
| as you go deeper into Earth's crust, pressure _?_ | increases |
| both partial melting and partial cooling (crystallization) form magma containing minerals of _?_ melting point | low |
| the diagram that shows which minerals crystallize from magma at specific temperatures as it cools is call Bowen's _?_ | Bowen's Reaction Series |
| describes igneous rock that forms from magma that cooled slowly below Earth's surface | intrusive (plutonic) |
| describes igneous rock that forms from lava that cooled quickly at Earth's surface | extrusive (volcanic) |
| describes the TEXTURE of igneous rocks that have larger grains because they cooled slowly beneath Earth's surface | coarse |
| describes the TEXTURE of igneous rocks that have small grains because they cooled quickly at Earth's surface | fine |
| describes the TEXTURE of igneous rocks such as obsidian that cools so fast, no grains are detectable | glassy |
| describes the TEXTURE of igneous rocks that contain large grains surrounded by material with fine grains (cooled slowly, then suddenly quickly) | porphyritic |
| describes the TEXTURE of igneous rocks that contain bubbles/holes where gas bubbles were trapped as the molten rock quickly solidified | vesicular |
| which of these four igneous resources often produces valuable metals: quartz veins, pegmatites, kimberlites, granite? | quartz veins |
| which of these four igneous resources often produces strong, durable materials for construction: quartz veins, pegmatites, kimberlites, granite? | granite |
| physical/chemical processes that break rocks into smaller pieces | weathering |
| smaller pieces (wide size range) that remain after rock is weathered | sediments |
| process of removing sediments from one location and moving them to another | erosion |
| what are four agents (causes) of erosion? [GWWG] | gravity, (moving) water, wind, glaciers |
| process of sediments settling, often to the bottom of a body of water | deposition |
| which agent of erosion only moves small sediments | wind |
| if water is moving faster, the sediments it moves can be _?_ | larger |
| in general, the process by which sediments are changed into rocks | lithification |
| process by which sediment layers are squeezed into rock due to the weight of layers piling up above them | compaction |
| process by which dissolved minerals precipitate out of ground water (as it evaporates) and glues sediments together | cementation |
| in general, the layering of sediments in sedimentary rock is called _?_ | bedding |
| sedimentary rock bedding that goes fine (top) to coarse (bottom) is called _?_ bedding | graded (bedding) |
| sedimentary rock bedding that is inclined, often from forming along the side of a sand dune, is called _?_ bedding | cross (bedding) |
| small ridges in sedimentary rock formed by actions of wind, wave, or currents | ripple marks |
| describes a sedimentary ripple mark formed by water moving back and forth, so the ripple is shaped the same way on both sides | symmetrical |
| describes a sedimentary ripple mark formed by water (or wind) moving in only one direction and, so the ripple has a different shape/steepness on each side | asymmetrical |
| describes the shape of sediments that have been transported over a great distance so they are worn down smoothly | round |
| describes the shape of sediments that have been transported over only a short distance so they are more pointed | angular (sharp) |
| remains/impressions of past life, found in sedimentary rock (heat/pressure destroy them in other two rock types) | fossils |
| most common sedimentary rock type, formed from lithification of loose sediments | clastic (detrital) |
| example of coarse grained clastic sedimentary rock containing rounded gravel sediments cemented together | conglomerate |
| example of coarse grained clastic sedimentary rock containing sharp/angular gravel sediments cemented together | breccia |
| example of clastic sedimentary rock consisting of medium (sand size) grains deposited in slower water, often containing ripples and bedding, which sometimes is porous enough to contain water, etc | sandstone |
| examples of clastic, fine-grained sedimentary rock containing tiny grains in thin layers, and is formed in 'still' water | siltstone/shale |
| describes sedimentary rock that is formed from minerals crystallizing and settling from a concentrated solution, often as it evaporates (not from grains) | chemical (OR evaporite) |
| describes sedimentary rocks such as limestone and coal formed from remains of once-living organisms | biochemical (OR organic) |
| rocks formed by action of heat (without melting) and pressure acting on already-existing rocks | metamorphic |
| in general, what are the two agents (heat) of metamorphism? | heat, pressure |
| describes the TEXTURE of metamorphic rocks that contain (colored) layers/bands of minerals | foliated |
| two examples of foliated metamorphic rock (that have interesting names) | schist, gneiss |
| describes the TEXTURE of metamorphic rocks that contain 'blocky' crystals, but not usually any bands of minerals (ex: marble, quartzite) | nonfoliated |
| as temperature and pressure applied increases, a metamorphic rock's 'grade' _?_ | increases |
| type of metamorphism that occurs over large areas around where two tectonic plates collide | regional metamorphism |
| type of metamorphism that occurs when a magma intrusion touches and alters nearby solid rock | contact metamorphism |
| type of metamorphism that occurs when very hot water reacts with and alters mineral composition in rocks | hydrothermal metamorphism |
| a diagram that shows/describes how each rock type can come into existence or be change into another rock type (including back to its own type) | the rock cycle |
Created by:
goakley
Popular Earth Science sets