Help
Options
Didn't know it?
click below
click below
Knew it?
click below
click below
Don't Know
Remaining cards (0)
Know
retry
shuffle
restart
0:00
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Bio Molecules ALEX R
Bio Molecules
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Acid | Chemical substance, when mixed with a base it gets neutralized. pH level is lower than 7. Sour and somteimes corrosive. |
| Adendosine Triphosphate (ATP) | Present in living tissue, nucleotide triphosphate, transports energy through cells for the metabolism. |
| Amino Acid | Building blocks for proteins and are bonded through peptide bonds |
| Base | Chemical substance that, is slippery tastes bitter,reacts with acid producing a salt and becoming neutral, pH higher than 7 |
| Buffer | A solution that does not change in pH when acid or base is added. Buffers typically involve a weak acid or base together with one of its salts. |
| Carbohydrate | Groups of organic compounds that include sugars, starches, cellulose, and gums. Serves as a major energy source in the diet of animals. They are produced by photosynthetic plants and contain only C, H, O. Ratio 1;2;1 |
| Complementary Base Pairing | The four bases: A/adenine, T/Thymine, G/ guanine and C/cytosine. A pairs with T and G pairs with C. |
| Dehydration Synthesis | Condensation reaction in which monomers join together to make polymers by losing water molecules. This process is carried out by losing (-OH) from one of the monomers and (H) from another monomer,always forming H2O |
| Deoxyribonucleic Acid (DNA) | A self-replicating material present in nearly all living organisms as the main constituent of chromosomes. Carries genetic information |
| Dipeptide | Contains two amino acids through a peptide (-CO-NH-) |
| Disaccharide | A sugar (carbohydrate) composed of two monosaccharides, that has two monosaccharide molecules through hydrolysis. I.E sucrose, lactose, and maltose. |
| Double Helix | A pair of parallel helixes twisted on a common axis, can be seen in a DNA molecule. |
| Hemoglobin | A red protein responsible for transporting oxygen in the blood. Its molecule has four subunits containing an iron atom bound to a heme group |
| Hyrdogen Bonding | A polar-covalent bond between an electronegative atom, i.e fluorine, oxygen, or nitrogen. Hydrogen atom is bonded to another electronegative atom. Hydrogen bonds are responsible for the properties of water molecules |
| Hydrolysis | The chemical breakdown of a compound by adding water. |
| Lipid | Organic compounds that are fatty acids and are insoluble in water but soluble in organic solvents. i.e natural oils, waxes, and steroids. |
| Monomer | A molecule that can be bonded to other identical molecules to form polymers |
| Monosaccharide | Group of sugars that cannot be hydrolyzed to give a simpler sugar i.e glucose |
| Neutral Fat | A glycerol molecule bonded to three fatty acids. Neutral because they are uncharged and do not contain acidic or basic groups. They are non-polar and hydrophobic. It provides insulation. |
| Nucleic Acids | Group of complex compounds consisting of linear chains of monomeric nucleotides, composed of phosphoric acid, sugar and has nitrogenous base |
| Nucleotide | Nucleotides form the basic structural unit of nucleic acids such as DNA. |
| Organic | Living matter,therefore contains carbon compounds |
| Peptide Bond | Is a covalent bond formed between two molecules when the carboxyl group reacts with the amino group, causing the release of water (H2O),therefore is a dehydration synthesis reaction |
| pH | The acidity or alkalinity of a solution on a scale where 7 is neutral, lower values are more acid, and higher values more basic. |
| Phospholipid | A lipid containing a phosphate group in its molecule |
| Polarity | The level of attraction a molecule or compound has due to electrical charges that occur due to asymmetrical arrangement of electrons around the nucleus |
| Polymer | A compound with high molecular weight due to either the addition of many smaller molecules or by the condensation of many smaller molecules with the elimination of water |
| Polypeptide | A linear organic polymer consisting of a large number of amino-acids bonded together in a chain that form part of a protein molecule |
| Polysaccharide | A carbohydrate i.e starch, cellulose, or glycogen,whose molecules have a number of sugar molecules bonded together |
| Primary Structure | The sequence of amino acids forming a protein or polypeptide chain, most basic structure |
| Protein | Nitrogenous organic compounds that consist of large molecules composed of one or more long chains of amino acids they are essential for all living organisms, they are structural components of body tissues and as enzymes and antibodies. |
| Quaternary Structure | Level where several proteins (or polypeptide subunits) interact through non-covalent bonds to form one functional protein complex |
| R-Group | Chemical group attached to the alpha carbon in an amino acid. In proteins all amino acids have the same basic structure and differ in their R group. There are 20 standard amino acids found in proteins |
| Ribonucleic Acid (RNA) | Nucleic acid found in all living cells. It's role is to act as a messenger carrying instructions from DNA for controlling the synthesis of proteins |
| Saturated Fatty Acid | A fatty acid, with a carbon chain that contains no unsaturated linkages between carbon atoms and cant obtain any more hydrogen atoms |
| Secondary Structure | Structure of a molecule identified by the folding within the biopolymer as a result of hydrogen bonding |
| Solvent | Liquid where a solute is dissolved to form a solution, water is the universal solvent |
| Starch | Polysaccharide that functions as a carbohydrate store and is an important for the human diet |
| Steroid | Large class of organic compounds with a specific molecular structure containing four rings of carbon atoms |
| Tertiary Structure | Three-dimensional structure of a protein or nucleic acid. Amino acids form secondary structures such as alpha helixes which fold on themselves to form the tertiary structure |
| Unsaturated Fatty Acid | Form of fatty acid containing one or more double/triple bonds that can absorb additional hydrogen atoms,unsaturated can eliminate saturated |
| Nitrogenous Base | Compound containing nitrogen with chemical properties of a base |
Created by:
arolston
Popular Biology sets