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Forensics
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| physical evidence | any object that can establish that a crime has been committed or can link a crime and its victim or its perpetrator |
| keep others out and prevent alteration and destruction to crime scene | secure the scene in order to |
| obtain medical assistance, if necessary; arrest the perpetrator; preserve and protect the area; exclude all unauthorized personnel from the scene | responsibilities of the first responder |
| secure the scene | first step in processing a crime scene |
| sketching, photographs, and notetaking | three methods for recording a crime scene |
| note that the objects were moved but do not reintroduce them to the crime scene | if objects have been moved or removed from a crime scene, the investigator should |
| take overview scenes of entire area and adjacent surroundings | what areas should be photographed during a crime scene investigation? |
| rough sketch | sketch made at the crime scene, contains an accurate depiction of the dimensions of the scene and shows the location of all objects having a bearing on the case |
| finished sketch | a precise rendering drawn to scale (CAD) |
| computer aided drafting | CAD |
| detailed description of physical evidence including time of discovery, who discovered it, how it was discovered, who package the evidence, and the disposition of the evidence | what info must be included in written notes made at the crime scene? |
| size, location, actions of suspect/victims at the scene | three factors that influence how an investigator conducts a crime scene |
| chain of custody | record of who has handled the evidence |
| standard/reference sample | physical evidence of known origin used for comparison |
| substrate control | uncontaminated surface material close to an area where physical evidence has been disposited |
| druggist fold | method of folding paper to keep fine particles or powders secure |
| prevent damage and cross-contamination | why should evidence be put in separate containers? |
| point of reference to document size | why should a ruler be included in a photo? |
| body of the crime | corpus delicti |
| mode of operation | modus operandi |
| linkage theory | the case can be solved if investigators can establish links between physical evidence and the victim, crime scene, and/or suspect |
| transfer theory | based on Locard's Theory of Exchange, whenever you leave a location, you leave something behind |
| strip or line search | useful in large, outdoor areas |
| grid method | more thorough version of line search |
| spiral method | dangerous; evidence may be destroyed if investigators initially walk to the center to begin search |
| zone search | useful in indoor searches |
| wheel method | used in special situations, not in large areas |
| link method | used in conjunction with wheel method |
| all evidence found, measurements from 2 fixed points, orientation and direction, labels for representing evidence | what should be included in the sketch? |
| hair, fiber, clothing, blood sample, bullets, hand swabs from shooting victims, fingernail scrapings, oral, anal, and vaginal swabs, organ samples | what should be collected from the body? |
| bloodstained/wet materials | what should not be placed in air-tight containers? |
| GLASS OR METAL OBJECTS | what should be put in a rigid container? |
| porous container | body fluids should be stored in |
| druggist fold | trace evidence |
| nonporous unbreakable container | arson evidence |
| buccal swab | swab from inner portion of cheek of crime scene participants |
| consent is given, evidence is in immediate danger of loss, emergency circumstances exist, someone being lawfully arrested | ways to issue a warrantless search |
Created by:
pace_sauce
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