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Unit 2 test
Hekminths,Fungi,Algae,Protozan
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Fortunately for us, the worm load of A. lumbricoides is based on the number of larvae a person eats instead of the number of fertilized eggs produced by a female worm. | TRUE |
| Helminths is a group in the Kingdom Animalia. Which of the following phylums make up this group? | Platyhelminthes, Nematoda |
| This worm has a round body structure and is known to be a pathogen for every known animal and plant | Nematode |
| The part of a tapeworm which attaches to the wall of the small intestine is the | scolex |
| This worm, is leaf –like in appearance, and is hermaphroditic | trematode |
| The disease caused by A. lumbricoides includes | Pneumonia, biliary obstruction, intestinal obstruction |
| Match the following species of helminth with the appropriate description: a fluke responsible for a significant number of infections in developing countries; acquired via contaminated water | Schistosome |
| Match the following species of helminth with the appropriate description: Its life cycle includes penetration of the mucosa by the larvae, and traveling via blood or lymph to the lungs. It crawls into the air sacks, moves up the bronchi and trachea, and | Ascaris lumbricoides |
| This worm has a flat body structure and is segmented. Each segment is called a proglottid. | cestode |
| Match the following species of helminth with the appropriate description: It is a monecious tapeworm which infects the human intestines. Each segment contains both testes and ovary. Taenia saginatta | |
| Every known plant and animal can be infected by a species of nematode. | true |
| If a worm can only infect a particular species, it is called | Species specific |
| If a single worm has both male and female reproductive organs, it is called: | Hermaphrodite monecious, |
| Match the following species of helminth with the appropriate description: It is a diecious roundworm which infects the human intestines. The female worm is capable of producing 200,000 eggs per day. | Ascaris lumbricoides |
| Mold and yeast are part of the normal flora in most people. A common yeast found in the oral cavity and in the vagina is | Candida albicans |
| The main form of nutrition for fungi is | saprobe, heterotroph |
| Every naturally occurring organic material on the earth can be digested by some type of fungus | TRUE |
| A fungal infection is called a | mycosis |
| A collection of mold filaments is called a | mycelium |
| Which of the following symbiotic relationships includes a species of fungi? | Mycorrhizae, lichens |
| Toxins produced by fungi are called helmitoxins. Breathed in, they can cause inflammation. | FALSE |
| Some fungal infections are superficial and restricted to the surface of the skin. Others are systemic. | TRUE |
| The US is a country of immigrants and former slaves. A fungal infection of potatoes was responsible for the immigration of | IRISH |
| Although fungi destroy 40% of the fruit crop each year, they provide us with antibiotics, fermentation reactions for making beer and other food products, and they are used for genetic engineering. | TRUE |
| Mold spores are a leading cause of: | ALLERGIES |
| A chain of fungal cells in a mold is called a | hypha |
| A recently discovered underground fungus is believed to be the largest life form on Earth. | true |
| Some fungi exist in a yeast form. Some fungi exist in a mold form. Some fungi can switch from yeast to mold and back again. Those that can switch are called | dimorphic |
| Yeast have the following characteristics | unicellular, divide by budding |
| The part of the mold which produces spores is called | reproductive hyphae |
| The number of fungal spores found in a cubic meter of air is | 10,000 |
| To feed, the mold will release digestive enzymes into the organic material it’s growing on. After digestion, the products are absorbed by the mold filaments. | true |
| Spores can be sexual or asexual. The structure which produces the sexual spore is used for classifying molds | true |
| A mold growing on a food item, e.g., bread, will extend some of its filaments into the bread. These filaments are called | vegetative hyphae |
| “Sick building syndrome” is caused by a | fungus |
| Ringworms are caused by | fungus |
| Which of the following is the best description of a saprobe | uses organic matter which is already dead |
| Spores are produced by most fungi. The reason for making the spore is for | reproduction,be dispersed in the environment so the species can find new places for growing |
| Algae are first divided based on ___________________ and secondly based on ______________________. | accessory photopigment; the polysaccharide they produce from photosynthesis |
| Match the organism with the appropriate description: Include a group called ‘kelp’; produces a substance which is used as an emulsifier for food products and rubber | brown algae |
| Like other eukaryote kingdoms, algae can reproduce both sexually and asexually. Sexual reproduction provides the necessary genetic diversity for survival. | true |
| Match the organism with the appropriate description: Provides a compound called carageenan which is used in ice cream; also produces agar | Red Alage |
| Combined, algae and cyanobacteria produce a lot of oxygen. In fact, they account for 80% of the oxygen produced daily on our planet. | true |
| The main form of nutrition for algae is | Photoautotroph |
| Following an algae bloom, what is the cause of death of ocean plants and animals? | bacteria decompose the dead algae and use up ocean oxygen |
| Algae can form symbiotic relationships. Some species of algae can combine with fungi to form: | coral |
| How do algae harm humans | some species produce toxins that enter mussels that humans harvest for food, a species of algae called Pfiesteria piscicida has the ability to invade skin some species produce toxins that can become airborne and when breathed in by humans, leads to inflam |
| Algae along with cyanobacteria are part of the food web of the ocean. Algae and Cyanobacteria are called | phytoplankton |
| Algae can form symbiotic relationships. Some species of algae can combine with _________to form coral | polyps |
| Match the organism with the appropriate description: Responsible for "red tides"; some species produce a neurotoxin | diatoms |
| Because of their form of nutrition, algae contain a special organelle called a | lysosome |
| All algae contain a photosynthetic pigment called chlorophyll. However, different subgroups have different kinds of accessory pigments. Based on a particular set of pigments, an aquatic species will position itself under the surface at a depth which pro | true |
| Although algae are considered to be predominantly unicellular, some are filamentous. Additionally, some appear to exhibit tissues as evidenced by holdfast structures and pneumatocysts. | true |
| .Some areas of the ocean are ‘dead zones’ where no life exists. These dead zones are the result of algae blooms. The algae blooms are a result of | eutrophication of the water |
| Match the organism with the appropriate description: The remains of its cell wall are used for making abrasives and bricks | diatoms |
| Protozoans are unicellular eukaryotes which can reproduce: | sexually and asexually |
| Toxoplasmosis has the following characteristics | can cause deformities in a fetus reservoir is cats, zoonose |
| When the environment becomes hostile, some protozoans can produce a protective outer layer and become metabolically inactive. This form of protozoan is called a: | cyst |
| Which group of protozoans are coated with small hair-like structures which move in unison to propel the protozoan through an aqueous environment? | ciliates |
| Symptoms associated with giardiasis include: | explosive stools and malnutrition |
| Toxoplasma infects: | billions of people |
| Giardia lamblia causes ___________________. It belongs to the kingdom ______________, the subkingdom called ____________________ and the subgroup called ___________________ | Gastrointestinal disease; protista; protozoan; flagellate |
| The main form of nutrition for protozoans is | heterotroph |
| The form of protozoans which feeds and is metabolically active and reproducing is the | trophozoite |
| Giardia lamblia are ingested with contaminated water. Once inside the small intestine, they attach via | suction cup |
| Some algae forms shells. | false |
| Amoeba move via extension of the cell membrane called | pseudopod |
| What is protozans source of nutrition? | Heterotrophs; use organic compounds for energy and carbon |
| Trophozoite: | active feeding form all are protozoans |
| Cyst: | formed due to adverse environmental conditions, contains tough/thick cuticle, inactive, not all protozoans form cyst |
| How are protozoans classified | forms of motility |
| List the four subgroups of protozons | flagella, Amoeboid, Ciliata, and Apicomplexa |
| Subgroup; Flagellata, ingestion of cyst from fecal contaminated water or food-small intestine, switches to trophozoite form-attaches to intestine wall via suction cup- reproduction coat the wall with giardia | Giardia lamblia |
| How to protozoans Reproduce | Sexual and Asexual |
| Most fungi are saprobes. What does that mean with regard to nutrition as well as to their importance in ecology? | They recycle biologically important elements |
| T or F: "Every naturally occurring organic material on the earth can be attacked by some type of fungus. | True |
| How do fungi obtain their nutrients? | By secreting enzymes onto and into dead organic material, the enzymes digest the complete molecules into smaller usable nutrients. Then the product is transported into the fungal cells and used and nutrients |
| Microscopically, fungi come in two forms what are the forms? | Molds, yeast |
| Changing from mold to yeast and vice versa | dimorphic |
| What causes the dimorphic pathogenic fungi to change from one form to another? | Temperature |
| What is a mold filament called? | Hypha |
| What is the name of a mat of mold filaments? | Mycelium |
| Can fungi reproduce sexually and asexually | both |
| How are fungi classified? | Type of sexual spore generating structure, parasitic or saprobe, metabolic pathways, genetic relationships, macroscopic structure; colony, color, shape |
| Fungi combine with or to form | lichens, mycorrhiza symbiosis, |
| Symbiotic association between a fungus and the roots of a vascular plant | mycorrhiza: |
| Fungal infection in animals | mycosis |
| Are fungi part of our normal flora? | Yes |
| What is Algae source of nutrition? | Light and C02 |
| Based on algae’s source of nutrition, how do they differ structurally from protozoans? | They are photoautotroph which means that they get their nutrition from the sun and not from organic material |
| How are algae classified? | Accessory pigment, cell wall, kind of carb it stores as food |
| Red, Brown or green algae, Diatoms, Dinoflagellates and Euglenoids | algae subgroups |
| Where do most algae reside? | In the water |
| Coral may be a symbiotic relationship between algae and | polyps |
| What is a “red tide”, and which group produces them | blooms of Dinoflagellates |
| What are organisms called which are a symbiotic relationship between algae and fungi? | Lichens |
| 10xs as many people die from shark attacks as from algae toxin. | false |
| Combo of Algae and cyanobacteria, they are the oceans food web | phytoplankton |
| lifeless area in the ocean | dead zone |
| carrageenan (emulsifier that creates a creamy substance from oils and water), agar, accessory pigments, food source | commercial uses of algae |
| How do algae reproduce | sexually and asexually |
Created by:
bennetta78
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