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Clinical Research
Clinical Research Quiz 1
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Evidence based practice (EBP) | use of best evidence to make patient care decisions; evidence from nursing & health professional research ex: What does evidence say is best approach to solving a clinical problem? |
| Basic research | systematic inquiry using discipline methods to answer questions & solve problems; ultimate goal: develop, refine, & expand knowledge |
| Nursing research | systematic inquiry to develop trustworthy evidence about important issues in nursing profession like: -nursing practice, -education, -administration, - informatics |
| Clinical nursing research | research designed to guide nursing practice and to improve the heath & quality-of-life of nurses' clients |
| Consumers of nursing research | nurses who read research reports/summaries for relevant findings that might affect their practice |
| Producer of nursing research | nurses who actively participate in creating evidence (for practice) by doing research |
| Journal club | a nursing research activity involving mtgs among nurses to discuss and critique research articles |
| National Institute of Nursing Research (NINR) | launched 1993; helped put nursing research into mainstream of research activities |
| Replication | repeating |
| Systematic review | a rigorous synthesis of research findings on a particular research question; using systematic sampling & data collection procedures & a formal protocol |
| Inductive reasoning | the process of developing generalizations from specific observations; ex: observing anxious behavior of (specific)hospitalized children and concluding that (in general) children’s separation from their parents is stressful |
| Deductive reasoning | process of developing specific predictions from general principles; ex: assuming separation anxiety occurs in hospitalized children (general), we may predict that (specific) children in a hospital whose parents don’t room-in will manifest stress symptoms |
| Paradigm | a way of looking at natural phenomena âa world view- that encompasses a set of philosophical assumptions and that guides oneâs approach to inquiry; ex: whatâs the nature of reality? Whatâs the relationship between the inquirer & those being studie |
| Logical positivism | philosophy underlying t/traditional scientific approach; a philosophical mvmnt where all meaningful statements are either analytic or conclusively verifiable or @ least confirmable by observation & experiment & metaphysical theories are meaningless |
| Assumption | a basic principle that’s believed to be true without proof or verification |
| Determinism | an assumption of positivists’ belief that phenomena aren’t haphazard, but rather have antecedent causes; ex: if person has cerebrovascular accident, positive tradition assumes there must be one or more reasons/causes that can be potentially identified |
| Positivist paradigm | a form/viewpoint of research where activity is directed at understanding the underlying causes of phenomena |
| Naturalist paradigm (constructivist paradigm) | an alternative paradigm to the traditional positivist paradigm stating there are multiple interpretations of reality; the goal of research: understand how individuals construct reality within their context; often associated with qualitative research |
| Quantitative research | the investigation of phenomena that lend themselves to precise measurement and quantification, often involving a rigorous and controlled design; most closely allied with positivism |
| Qualitative research | the investigation of phenomena, typically in an in-depth and holistic fashion, through the collection of rich narrative materials using a flexible research design; often allied with naturalistic paradigm |
| Scientific method | a set of orderly, disciplined procedures used to acquire information; focuses on QUANTITATIVE RESEARCH; often uses deductive reasoning |
| Systematic | a quantitative research style of which the investigator progresses logically through a serious of steps, according to a specified plan of action |
| Scientific method | a set of orderly, disciplined procedures used to acquire information; focuses on QUANTITATIVE RESEARCH; often use deductive reasoning |
| Empirical evidence | evidence by quantitative researchers; rooted in objective reality & through senses rather than researchers’ personal beliefs. i.e. sight, hear, taste, touch, smell (ex; presence/absence of skin inflammation, pt’s anxiety level, birth wt) |
| Generalizability | degree to which findings can be generalized to individuals other than just those who participated in the study |
| Field | the ÂÂnaturalistic setting where naturalistic (constructivist) inquiry takes place often over an extended time period |
| Applied research | solution-seeking research for probs. & important for EBP; designed to show how general principles of human behavior & biophysiologic processes can be used to solve problems in nursing practice; ex: evaluationg effectiveness a unit-specific intervention to |
| Evidence hierarchy | a ranked arrangement of the validity & dependability of evidence based on rigor of the method of production; traditional evidence hierarchy is appropriate mostly for cause-probing research |
| Outcomes research | research designed to document the effectiveness of healthcare services and the end of results of patient care |
| Theory | an abstract generalization that presents a systematic explanation about the relationships among phenomena |
| Research utilization (RU) | the use of findings from a study/set of studies in a practical application that’s not related to the original research; the emphasis of RU is translating new knowledge into real-world applications; it’s more narrow than EBP; ex: how can I put this new kno |
| Systematic reviews | the strongest possible evidence comes from systematic reviews that integrate findings from multiple randomized controlled trials using rigorous, methodical procedures |
| Meta-analysis | a method of integrating quantitative findings statistically; findings from multiple studies on the same topic are combined and analyzed statistically; ex: meta-analysis on effectiveness of fear of falling treatment programs for the elderly. 6 studies inte |
| metasynthesis | The integration of qualitative research on a specific topic that are themselves interpretive syntheses of narrative information; metasynthesis: amplifies and interprets info –VS— meta-analysis: reduces info down to one “result”; ex: metasynthesis of 13 st |
| Clinical practice guidelines | guidelines based on systematic reviews that give specific recommendations for evidence-based decision making; designed to influence what clinicians do; they are ânecessity-driven,â balancing benefit & risk of certain practices |
Created by:
Fukanwa
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