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Biology 7.3
Biology- Bones and Muscles Chapter 7 Section 3 -Finished
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| long bones | they serve to support the weight of your body and work with your muscles to provide movement - humerus, ulna and femur |
| short bones | they are nearly as wide as they are long -metacarpals and phalanges |
| flat bones | they often have the job of protecting vital organs - ribs and cranial bones |
| irregular bones | any bone that cannot easily be classified into one of the first three categories labeled (long, short, and flat bones) - vertebrae |
| the bone shaft is sometimes referred to as this | diaphysis |
| epiphysis | each bulged end in a long bone |
| compact bone | an outer shell of the bone is composed of a strong substance which gives the bone great strength and rigidity |
| spongy bone | in the long bone the epiphysis (a dense and compact bone) is replaced this lightweight, porous tissue |
| red marrow | in addition to reducing the body's weight, the spongy bone provides a tiny open space for cells of this special tissue that manufactures red blood cells and white blood cells for the body's circulatory and immune system |
| medullary cavity | at the core of the bone's shaft is a hollow, cylindrical cavity like a tunnel running through the length of the bone, this cavity serves to house red marrow inn the bones of infants and children |
| yellow marrow | a fatty substance which apparently serves to store fats, the replacement of red marrow in the medullary cavity in adults |
| collagen | running through the crystals of hydroxyapatite are reinforcing fivers that are a tough resilient protein that serves the same purpose as the steel rods in reinforced concrete helping to prevent the mineral crystals from being pulled away from each other |
| osteoclasts | (literally "bone destroyers") are special cells that constantly move through your bones removing old materials to make rooms for new |
| osteoblasts | osteoclasts move through the bone, they carve tiny tunnels (Haversian canals) lengthwise through the bone these other cells move into the Haversian canals behind the osteoclast, constructing new collagen fiver and hudroxyapatie crystals as they go; |
| Wolff's law | bones adjust their shapes to the physical stress placed upon them |
| ossification | in mom's womb,special cell begin to construct the forms of you body's bones out of cartilage or membrane material.when the cartilage when done,osteoblasts began to move through them,replacing the soft,rubbery cartilage w/ collagen-reinforced hydroxyaptite |
| fracture | a break or crack in a bone |
| simple fracture | occurs when a bone cracks or brakes but does not pierce through the skin |
| compound fracture | occurs when a broken bone pierces through the skin |
| unlike most body tissues what can bones do? | bones heal with its own cells and not those of scar tissue |
| osteoclasts move through the bone,they carve tiny tunnels (Haversian canals) lengthwise through the bone these other cells move into the Haversian canals behind the osteoclast,constructing new collaggen fiver and hudroxyapatie crustals as they go;what nxt | blood vessels also enter the canals, supplying the osteoblasts with nutrients |
| rickets | a disease in which the bones are weak and deformed from the deficiency of vitamin D in children |
| how do bones heal | Unlike most body tissues, bone heals with its own cells and not those of scar tissue. |
| bone marrow | it serves to house red marrow in infants and kids |
| what vitamins and minerals are necessary for proper bone growth and develement | calcium, phosphorus, and vitamins D, A, and C |
| what effect does physical exercise have on bone strenght | it makes them stronger the more you excercise |
| why is a compound fracture more serious than a simple fracture | because heavy bleeding may occur, and it must be treated carefully to not get infected |
| Explain how the composition and structure of a bone reveals its design by an intelligent Creator | because a bone has to have a wonderful composition and structure to keep from breaking easily- which shows we have an amazing Creator who wil protectr us |
| Use Wolff's law to explain how appropriate physical exercise by older individuals can often reduce their risk of sudden bone fractures | because when older people exercise it adjust and gives shape to their bones when stress is placed on the bones, therefor their bones would be able to handle more stress |
| four classification of bones based on they size and shape | flat bone, long bone, irregular bone, and short bone |
| the parts of a long bone | diaphysis, epiphysis, and epiphysis |
| how do spongy bones and compact bones differ | because the spongy bone is made out of a lightweight, porous tissue and the compact bone is composed of a strong substance which gives the bone great strength and rigidity |
| how does physical exercise affect bones | bones adjust their shapes to the physical stress placed upon them |
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