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Biology 7.1
Biology- Bones and Muscles Chapter 7 Section 1 -Finished
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| skeletal system | the framework of the human body - composed of approximately 206 bones that support the body and protect vital organs |
| muscular system | it functions together with the skeletal system and the nervous system to make body movements posible |
| axial skelton | eighty bones that constitute the head and spine....literally the "backbone" of the skeletal system |
| cranium | the largest portion of the skull or brain case - which composes the top, side, and rear of the skull |
| fontanels | tough membranes made out of tough fibrous connective tissue that the bones of the infant's cranium are connected w/ |
| sutures | the cranial bones are joined tightly together at uneven lines within a year or 2 after the fontanels disappear completely |
| facial skeleton | it serves as the framework of the face and jaw |
| the only movable bone of the skull | mandible |
| what is the mandible and the cranium connected with | ligaments -or strong connective tissue |
| sinuses | certain bones of the skull are designed with hollow spaces known as these |
| hyoid bone - were is it located | an important bone hidden in the upper neck, just above your larynx |
| hyoid bone | it is not considered part of the skull, the hyoid bone serves as the foundation of many of the tongue muscles and of certain other muscles that allow you to swallow |
| the 3 smallest bones in the human body | 1. malleus 2. incus 3. stapes |
| vertebral column | the chief structural member of the body - a massive columnlike structure which, in an adult, consists of 33 segments called vertebrae |
| vertebrae | the 33 segments in the vertebral column |
| intervertebral disks | they allow the spine to bend and twist somewhat - they also act as shock absorbers |
| cartilage | is a tough, rubbery connective tissue that cushions the joint between bones |
| cervical vertebrae | the seven vertebrae that form the neck |
| thoracic vertebrae | the longest segment of the vertebral column and it has 12 vertebrae, it is slightly longer and thicker than the cervical vertebrae and it serves as attachments for the rib cage |
| lumbar vertebrae | below the thoracic vertebrae the spine widens into these 5 vertebrae, which is the larges of all vertebrae. it forms the lower back and supports all of the upper body |
| sacral vertebrae | in the pelvic region these 5 separate vertebrae in infants are fused into a single bone, called the sacrum, in adults |
| coccyx | beneath the sacrum, and it is very tiny- it consists of four separate vertebrae in infants but are fused into a single bone in adults |
| thoracic cage | the vital internal organs of the thoracic cavity, such as the heart and lungs, are protected by the bones of the chest in this cage |
| ribs | the most prominent bones of the thoracic cage are these long, curved bones that are attached to the thoracic vertebrae in the back and to the front of the sternum in the front |
| sternum | the breastbone |
| what is the sacral vertebrae joined to and to form what | the hip bone and to form the foundation of the spine |
| the middle ear bones do what | they are a linkage that serves to amplify the vibrations of the eardrum and pass them to the cochlea enabling you to hear |
| true ribs connect to what | the sternum |
| false ribs connect to what | they don't connect to front of the thoracic cage at all |
| scoliosis | the severe lateral curvature of the spine |
| the two main divisions of the skeleton | axial skeleton and the appendicular skeleton |
| the major bones of the head and spine | vertebral column, vertebrae, intervertebral disk, the cranium, and facial bones |
| the four regions of the vertebral column | cervical, thoracic, lumbar, and sacral or pelvic vertebrae |
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