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7th Grade Science
Charpter 1 Classifying and Exploring Life
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| organisms | things that have all the characteristics of life |
| 6 characteristic to all living things | 1. organization 2. growth and development 3. reproduction 4. responds to stimuli 5. homeostasis 6. energy |
| cell | the smallest unit of life |
| unicellular | living things that are made of only one cell (gets bigger by cell getting bigger) |
| multicellular | living things that are made of two or more cells (gets bigger by making more cells) |
| sexual reproduction | requires 2 parents...offspring is a mix of parents genetics |
| asexual reproduction | requires 1 parent...offspring is a clone of parent |
| response | reaction to a stimulus |
| stimulus | anything that causes a change in an organism |
| internal stimuli | stimuli that organisms react to from inside their body ex: hunger, thirst, body temperature, stress |
| external stimuli | stimuli that organisms react to from outside their body or surrounding environment ex: light, heat, noise, danger |
| homeostasis | an organism's ability to maintain steady internal conditions when outside conditions change |
| producer | make their own energy |
| consumer | eat to get energy |
| organization levels throughout the organism | cells -> tissue -> organ -> organ systems -> organism |
| Characteristic #1 - organization | living things have specialized structures with specialized functions |
| Characteristic #2 - growth and development | living things grow by increasing cell size and/or increasing cell number |
| Characteristic #3 - reproduction | living things make more living things through the process of reproduction |
| Characteristic #4 - respond to stimuli | living things adjust and respond to changes in their internamland external environments |
| Characteristic #5 - homeostasis | living things maintain stable internal conditions |
| Characteristic #6 - use of energy | living things use energy for all the processes they perform |
| binomial nomenclature | gives each organism a two-word scientific name |
| species | is a group of organisms that have similar traits and are able to produce fertile offspring |
| genus | is a group of similar species |
| dichotomous key | is a series of descriptions arranged in pairs that leads the user to the identification of an unknown organism |
| cladogram | is a branched diagram that shows the relationships among organisms, including common ancestors |
| light microscope | use light and lenses to enlarge an image of an object |
| compound microscope | a light microscope that uses more than one lens to magnify an object (eyepiece and objective lens) |
| electron microscope | use a magnetic field to focus a beam of electrons through an object or onto an object's surface |
| transmission electron microscope (TEM) | used to study extremely small items; thin slice of a dead organism |
| scanning electron microscope (SEM) | used to study an objects surface...produces a 3-dimensional image |
| Anton van Leeuwenhoek | In 1600's made one of the first microscopes |
| Robert Hooke | in 1700's he observed and named cells using a microscope |
| total magnification | eye lens x objective lens ex: low power = 40x ex: middle power = 100x ex: high power = 400x |
Created by:
HOMSSeminar
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