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biology unit 3
unit 3
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| be able to identify the parts and fnctions of a cross section af a leaf | stroma, granum, thylakoid, thylakoid space, mesophyll layer, mesophyll cell, chloroplast |
| be able to label the parts of photosynthesis within a chloroplast | basic understanding of screaming angel |
| explain Priestly's expirment | plants generated oxygen |
| give examples of autotrophs | plants, algae, and some bacteria |
| give examples of heterotrophs | animals, fungi, and some protists |
| how does light behave? | particles known as photons |
| How is ATP formed? | enzyme ATPase, bonds Pi to ADP |
| photosynthesis equation | 6C02+6H2O+light yeilds C6H12O6+6O2 |
| know the flow of electrons during photosynthesis | light energy converts CO2 and H2O into high energy sugars such as starch and glucose |
| what are autotrophs | organisms that generated their own energy, anabolic reaction |
| what are heterotrophs? | organisms that consume energy source, catabolic |
| what are pigments? | light absorbing molecules |
| what are some examples of producers? | plants, algae, and some bacteria |
| what are stomata? | opening on the underside of a leaf, where gases are exchanged, with the atmosphere and water is lost |
| what are the parts an ATP molecule? and ADP molecule? | Adenosine, ribose, and 3 or 2 phosphates |
| what are the products and reactants of light-dependent reactions? | Reactants-H2O products-O2, ATP, and NADPH |
| what are the products and reactants of the Calvin Cycle? | Reactants-CO2 products-C6H12O6 |
| what are the steps of light-dependent reactions? | a. high-energy electrons move through the electron transport chain, b. pigments in photosystem II absorb light, c. ATP synthase allows H+ ions to pass through the thylakoid membrane, i. NOT! ATP and NADPH are used to produce high-energy sugars |
| what causes energy to be released from ATP? | breaking of bond between second and third phosphate |
| what did Ingenhousz conclude? | plants require light to generate oxygen |
| what did Jan van Helmont conclude? | the increase of plants mass is b/c from water |
| what do Golgi bodies do? | receive, modify, repackage, and distribute |
| what happens inside the thylakoid membrane? | light reaction (Photosystems I and II) |
| What is a granum? | stacks of thylakoids |
| What is a porphyrin ring? | center of chlorophyll. ha magnesium ion |
| What is a synonym for the Calvin Cycle? | C3, Carbon fixation, light independent, dark reaction |
| What is osmosis? | the diffusion of water through a selectively permeable membrane |
| What is the first step of photosynthesis? | --- |
| What is the function of lysosomes? | cleans up the garbage of the cell |
| What would affect the rate of photosynthesis? How? | light intensity (photosystems), temperature (enzyme activity), CO2 (carbon fixation), water (electron supply) |
| Where are photosystems I and II found? | Thylakoid membrane |
| Where do light-dependent reactions take place? | Thylakoid membrane and thylakoid space |
| Where does the Calvin Cycle take place? | Stroma |
| Where is chlorophyll found? | Thylakoid membrane Mg is at the center |
| Where is the stroma located? | outside the stacks of thylakoid |
| Why are most plants green? | Chlorophyll reflects the wavelengths of the green |
| Acetyl CoA | a. 2 carbon molecule produced in the TRANSITION stage (Pyruvate is transported into Mitochondria) b. Acetyl CoA enters the Krebs's Cycle |
| Aerobic respiration | requires oxygen |
| Anaerobic respiration | does not require oxygen |
| Chemiosmosis | ATP synthase allows H+(protons) to flow across inner mitochondrial membrane down concentration gradient, which produces ATP |
| Electron accepting molecules | NAD+ and FADH+ |
| Electron carrying molecules | NADH and FADH2 |
| Glucose | required for gylcolysis, broken down to generate ATP through the process of cellular respiration |
| How are the photosynthesis and respiration equations related? | the products of Photosynthesis and the reactants for respiration |
| How much ATP is produced in each step of respiration? | a. Glycolysis (in cytoplasm) =2, b. Krebs (in Mitochondria) =2, c. ETC (in Mitochondria) =34 |
| How much NADH is produced in each step of respiration? | a. Glycolysis = 2, b. Transition Stage =2, c. Krebs Cycle =6 |
| The reactants and products of Alcoholic Fermentation | Reactants - Glucose, Products - (2)ATP, (2)CO2 and (2)Ethanol |
| Pyruvic Acid/PyrTuvate | a three carbon molecule produced when glucose is split in Glycolysis |
| The reactants and products of Cellular Respiration (the overall equation) | C6H12O6 + 6O2 --yields-- 6CO2 + 6H2O + ENERGY(ATP) |
| The reactants and products of Electron Transport | Reactants - NADH, FADH2, and O2; Products - 34ATP and H2O |
| The reactants and products of glycolysis | Reactants - Glucose, Products - (2)Pyruvate, (2)NADH and (2)ATP |
| The reactants and products of Kreb's Cycle | Products - (34)ATP, H2O |
| The reactants and products of Lactic Acid Fermentation | Reactants - Glucose, Products - (2)Lactic Acids |
| What is the net gain of ATP in eah step of respiration? | In glycolysis 2, In Kreb's 2, in ETC 34 |
| What is the net gain of NADH in each step of respiration? | in glycolysis 2, in Transition Stage 2, in Kreb's Cycle 6 |
| What type of cells undergo Alcoholic Fermentation? | Yeast Cells |
| What type of cells undergo Lactic Acid Fermentation? | Muscle Cells |
| Where would anaerobic bacteria be found? | deep in mud, guts of animals, environments devoid of O2 |
Created by:
adorethetor
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