Help
Options
Didn't know it?
click below
click below
Knew it?
click below
click below
Don't Know
Remaining cards (0)
Know
retry
shuffle
restart
0:00
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
USMLE
Comprehensive Pharm 6
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| how is NorE going to affect BP? HR? | A>B so.... systolic will increase diastolic will increase HR decreases (reflex brady) |
| how is epi going to affect BP? HR? | nonselective so... systolic will increase being controlled by a1 diastolic will decrease, being controlled by beta HR will increase (b1) |
| how does isoproterenol affect BP? HR? | B1=B2 so... systolic decreases diastolic decreaes HR increases (reflex tachy) |
| what will happen to BP if you administer an alpha blockade after giving epi? | it will decrease and then increase slightly net depressor effect b/c b2 takes over --> vasodilatioN |
| what will happen to BP if you administer an alpha blockade after giving phenylephrine? | A1>a2 there is no depressor effect seen in this situation b/c phenylephrine is a pure alpha agonist |
| what toxicities are seeen after giving 1st dose of an al blocker? | orthostatic hypotension ha dizziness |
| what toxicities are seen aftter giving phenoxybenzamine | orthostatic hypotension reflex tachy |
| what drugs are used to treat pheo? | phenoxybenzamine (irreversible alpha blocker) phentolamine (reversible alpha blocker) |
| which drugs are 1st generation H1 blockers? | diphenhydramine dimenhydrinate chlorpheniramine |
| which drugs are 2nd generation H1 blockers? | loratadin e fexofenadine desloratadine |
| what are 1st generation H1 blockers used for? | allergy motion sickness sleep aid |
| what are the 2nd gen H1 blockers used for? | allergy |
| toxicity of 1st gen H1 blockers? | sedation anti-muscarinic anti-alpha-adrenergic |
| toxicity of 2nd gen H1 blockers | less sedating than 1st generation |
| what are the different classes of drugs that treat asthma? | nonspecific beta agonists b2 agonists methylxanthines muscaranic antagonists cromalyn corticosteroids antileukotrienes |
| MOA isoproterenol | B1=B2 so, innervates bronchial smooth muscle and causes bronchodilation |
| MOA albuterol | B2 agonist, --> bronchodilation |
| MOA salmeterol | b2 agonist --> bronchodilation |
| when is albuterol used? | during acute exacerbation of asthma |
| when is salmeterol used? | for asthma proph |
| MOA theophylline | bronchodilation by inhibiting phosphodiesterase, decreasing cAMP hydrolysis inhibits effects of adenosine on bronchial smooth muscle (prevents bronchoconstriction) |
| adverse effects of salmeterol | tremor and arrhythmia |
| toxicity of theophylline | cardio and neurotoxicity |
| MOA ipratropium | muscarinic antagonist competitively blocks muscarinic receptors, preventing bronchoconstriction |
| MOA cromolyn | prevents release of mediators from mast cells |
| when is cromolyn used | asthma proph, ineffective during acute asthma attack |
| MOA beclomethasone | inhibits synth of all cytokines prevents formation of arachidonic acid by blocking phospholipase A2 inactivates NF-KB (transcription factor for TNF-alpha) |
| when are corticosteroids used in asthma treatment | 1st line tx for chronic asthma |
| examples of anti-leukotrienes? | zileuton zafirlukast montelukast |
| MOA zileuton | 5-lipoxygenase inhibitor blocks conversion of arachidonic acid to LT |
| MOA zafirlukast? | blocks LT receptors |
| MOA montelukast | blocks LT recpetors |
| when is zafirlukast used | to treat aspirin induced asthma |
| when is montelukast used | to treat aspirin induced asthma |
| which asthma drug blocks a phosphodiesterase what is the net result? | theophylline cAMP levels are raised |
| which asthma drug blocks adenlyate cyclase? what is the net result? | b-agonist cAMP levels are raised |
| which drugs are expectorants? | guaifenesin n-acetylcystine |
| MOA guaifenesin | doesn't suppress cough reflex removes excess sputum |
| MOA n-acetylcystine | mucolytic (loosens plugs in CF pts) |
| MOA finasteride | 5-alpha reductase blocker |
| MOA flutamide | competitive inhibitor of androgen at testosterone receptor |
| MOA ketoconazole in reproductive system | blocks 17,20 lyase and 3-beta-hydroxylase, inhibiting steroid synthesis |
| uses of finasteride | BPH male pattern baldness |
| uses of flutamide | prostate cancer |
| uses of ketoconazole | pcos, to prevent hirsutism |
| MOA leuprolide | GnRH analog with agonist properties when used in pulsatile manner antagonist properties when used in continuous fashion |
| uses for leuprolide | infertility (pulsatile) prostate cancer (continuous, used with flutamide) uterine fibroids |
| toxicity of leurpolide | antiandrogen n/v |
| MOA sildenafil | inhibits cGMP phosphodiesterase --> increased cGMP --> maintains smooth muscle relaxation in corpus cavernosum --> increased blood flow and erection |
| clinical use of sildenafil | erectile dysfunction |
| toxicity of sildenafil | blue-green color vision h/a flushing dyspepsia LIFE THREATENING HYPOTENSION IN PTS TAKING NITRATES!!!!! |
| MOA clomiphene | partial estrogen agonist at pituitary gland this stimulates LH and FSH release --> ovulation |
| use of clomiphene | fertility treatment |
| toxicity of clomiphene | hot flashes ovarian enlargement multiple pregnancies visual disturbances |
| MOA mifepristone | competitive inhibitor of progestin at progesterone receptors |
| use of mifepristone | prevents implantation of fetus |
| toxicity of mifepristone | heavy bleeding GI effects abdominal pain |
| risks associated with HRT | endometrial cancer, if regimen is just with estrogen |
Created by:
Asclepius
Popular USMLE sets