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Bio 2 Test 1 Review
Review of material for Test 1
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| large populations and random mating, no gene mutation, no migration, no natural selection | hardy-weinberg principle |
| what is migration? | immigration and emmigration |
| immigration | new individuals coming into the population |
| emmigration | individuals leaving the population; don't want emmigration because your original gene pool shrinks |
| genetic drift | individuals surviving by chance/leaving more offspring due to an event (like volcano, or random beetles getting stepped on from a group) |
| founder effect | a new colony by just a few members, with lots of inbreeding, not lots of genetic variation, founder effect populations also have a higher frequency of some alleles than the rest of the population |
| bottleneck effect | when the population is drastically reduced for at least one generation - smaller gene pool to choose from. Ex. elephant seals being super hunted to as few as 20 total, now all elephant seals are closely related due to coming from this small group |
| non-random assortative matings produce more homozygotes or heterozygotes? | homozygotes, because like chooses like |
| how are non-random mating and founder's effect similar? | like chooses like and high percentage of certain traits leads like to end up with like in founder's effect and then has a smaller amount of genetic variation |
| disruptive selection | populations are selected towards the extremes in both directions and the middle trait is less frequently seen. ex. lots of large beaks, lots of small beaks, very few medium beaks |
| directional selection | selection that favors one phenotype over the other. directional selection can be helped along by predators choosing to go after one phenotype which leaves the other phenotype to become more fit |
| disruptive selection - London's peppered moths | dark colored moths survived in industrial area, light colored moths survived in rural areas and medium colored moths were eaten in both areas |
| stabilizing selection | extremes are selected against so the middle condition is preferred (graph is narrow/tall) |
| q^2 | homozygous recessive - the number you get from the question (homozygous recessive/total population) |
| q | frequency of recessive gene in population (both homozygous recessive and heterozygous) |
| 1-q = p (p+q=1) | find frequency of dominant gene in population (both homozygous dominant and heterozygous) |
| p^2 | proportion of population homozygous dominant individuals - take this number x total population to find the number of individuals |
| 2pq | proportion of the population heterozygous dominant individuals - take this number x total population for number of heterozygous individuals |
| p^2 + 2pq + q^2 = 1 | Hardy-Weinberg equation. each is a proportion of the total population so together = 1 |
Created by:
SChavez
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