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Rocks and Minerals
Chapter 3 and 4 Vocabulary
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Mineralogists | Scientists who study the distribution of minerals, mineral properties, and their uses are |
| Luster | the way a mineral reflects or absorbs light at its surface. |
| Streak | the color of a mineral in powdered form |
| Hardness | the resistance of a mineral to being scratched |
| Fracture | If a mineral breaks to form uneven surfaces, it has |
| Cleavage | If a mineral breaks with smooth, flat surfaces, it has |
| Density | The mass of an object divided by its volume is the ____________________ of a mineral |
| Mineral | a naturally occurring, inorganic solid, with a definite chemical composition. |
| Silicate | a mineral that contains silicon and oxygen in its crystal structure, although it can also contain other elements. |
| Crystallization | Dissolved minerals in water can undergo , or solidify in an orderly arrangement of atoms, when the water evaporates. |
| magma | molten rock below Earth’s surface |
| lava | magma that erupts onto Earth’s surface |
| ore | Rocks that contain high enough concentrations of a desired substance, such as a metal, so that it can be mined for profit |
| gemstone | a rare and attractive mineral that can be worn as jewelry |
| deposit | sediment or rock added to a landform |
| grain | fragment that makes up a rock |
| lava | molten rock that erupts on Earth’s surface |
| magma | molten or liquid rock underground |
| mineral | naturally occurring, inorganic solid with a definite chemical composition and an orderly arrangement of atoms |
| rock | natural, solid mixture of minerals or particles |
| rock cycle | series of processes that change one type of rock into another type of rock |
| sediment | rock material that is broken down into smaller pieces or dissolved in water as rocks erode |
| texture | grain size and the way grains fit together in a rock |
| extrusive rock | igneous rock that cools and crystallizes on Earth’s surface |
| intrusive rock | igneous rock that forms as magma cools underground |
| volcanic glass | rock that forms when lava cools too quickly to form crystals |
| biochemical rock | sedimentary rock that was formed by organisms or contains the remains of organisms |
| cementation | crystallization of minerals from water into the spaces between sediment grains |
| chemical rock | made of minerals that crystallize directly from water |
| clast | broken piece or fragment of rock |
| clastic rocks | sedimentary rock made of clasts of minerals or rock fragments |
| compaction | process that squeezes out fluids and decreases the space between the grains in a sediment deposit |
| foliated rock | contains parallel layers of flat and elongated minerals |
| metamorphism | process that affects structure or composition of rocks in the solid state; occurs due to changes in heat, pressure, or the addition of chemical fluids |
| nonfoliated rock | has mineral grains with a random interlocking texture |
| plastic deformation | permanent change in rock shape caused by bending and folding |
Created by:
stacylatham
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