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Class 3

HCC 2008 Nutrition

QuestionAnswer
Nutrition The study of nutrients and the manner in which the body processes them. The process by which the body uses food for energy, growth, and tissue repair or maintenance.
What effects nutritional patterns? human behavior and environment
Nutrients Specific biochemical substances used by the body for many things
Nutrients are used by the body for what? growth, development,activity,reproduction,lactation,health maintenance,recovery for illness, and injury
Essential nutrients differ from nonessential nutrients...how? Essential nutrients must be provided in the diet or supplements, and are not produced in the body. Nonessential nutrients are synthesized in the body.
What are the 6 classes of nutrients? Carbohydrates,Fats,Proteins,Minerals,Vitamins,Water
Daily energy intake (Kcal)= all calories used in physical activity, maintain basal metabolism, and digest, absorb and metabolize food
Basal metabolism the energy required to maintain involuntary activities of the body at rest
body weight standards 1. rule of thumb... Males: 106 lbs for 5 feet height+6lbs for each inch>5 feet.Females: 100lbs for 5 feet height+5lbs for each inch > 5feet.
Essential nutrients are: Carbohydrates, fats, proteins
Carbohydrates Are organic compounds of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen. 4cal/g 50-60% of healthy diet (complex carbs) They form the structure of plants. Only animal source is lactose(milk sugar). Provide energy and spare protein. Prevents ketosis from inefficient fat meta
Protein required for formation of body structures. Composed of various amounts of 22 amino acids. High quality/complete protein. Low quality/incomplete protein. Critical in childhood. 4 cal/g 10-20% of diet. Primarily animal based.
How many amino acids are essential? 9 out of the 22.
Sources of protein: Carbon, Nitrogen, Oxygen, Hydrogen.
Protein digestion starts in the stomach, most in the small intestine. Nitrogen remains and must be metabolized by the kidney.
When does the body need protein the most? During growth, pregnancy, lactation and recovery from illness/injury
Excessive protein turns into... fatty acids
Lab values related to protein: Serum protein: 6-8 g/dL Serum albumin: 3.5-5 g/dL Transferrin: 240-480 mg/dL Lymphocyte count: >1800 Creatinine: 0.4-1.5 mg/dL Urea: 17-18 mg/dL
Lipids (fats) are: Concentrated form of energy for the body. 9cals/gram
What sources do lipids come from? animal and vegetable sources
What are lipids stored in the body as? Triglycerides
What should your daily amount of fat intake be? Less than 30% of dietary intake and saturated fats should be less than 10% total fat calories
What do lipids contribute to? Satiety, delays gastric emptying time, absorbs fat-soluable vitamins, provides insulation, structure and temperature control
Cholesterol is: Fat-like substance found in animal products. Not essential in diet-body makes enough on its own
How is cholesterol used? In the synthesis of bile acid
Too much cholesterol increases the risk for what? Atherosclerosis- narrowing of blood vessels from fatty buildup on vessel wall
What is the normal cholesterol level? less than 200
Increased fiber increases... fecal excretion of cholesterol
Lipoproteins are? and what types? Lipids are transported by proteins. There are high density lipoproteins (HDL), intermediate(IDL), Low density (LDL)<130mg/dL, and very low(VLDL)
What are the regulatory nutrients? and why are they needed by the body? Vitamins, minerals, and water. Needed for the metabolism of energy nutrients.
Vitamins: organic compounds which facilitate chemical reactions in the body. Not made by the body at all-needs in diet.
Created by: babymazz23
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