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chapter2 study stack
weather factors
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| electromagnetic waves | A form of energy that can travel through space. |
| radiation | The direct transfer of energy by electromagnetic waves. |
| infrared radiation | A form of energy with wavelengths that are longer than visible light. |
| ultraviolent radiation | A form of energy with wavelengths that are shorter than visible light. |
| scattering | Reflection of light in all directions. |
| greenhouse effect | The process by which heat is trapped in the atmosphere by water vapor, carbon dioxide, methane, and other that form a "blanket" around earth |
| thermal energy | The energy of motion in the molecules of a substance. |
| temperature | The average amount of energy of motion in the molecules of a substance. |
| Heat | The energy transferred from a hotter object to a cooler one. |
| Conduction | The direct transfer of heat from one substance to another. |
| Convection | the transfer of heat by the movement of fluid. |
| Wind | the horizontal movement of air from an area of high pressure to an area of lower pressure. |
| Anemometer | an instrument used to measure wind speed |
| Wind-chill factor | increased cooling caused by the wind. |
| Sea breeze | the flow of air from an ocean or lake to land. |
| Land breeze | the flow of air from land to a body of water. |
| Monsoons | sea and land breezes over a large region that change directions with the seasons. |
| Global winds | winds that blow steadily from specific directions over long distances. |
| Local winds | winds that blow over short distances. |
| Coriolis effect | the way earth's rotation makes winds in the northern hemisphere curve to the right and winds in the south curve to the left. |
| Latitude | the distance from the equator, measured in degrees. |
| Jet stream | bands of high-speed winds about 10 kilometers above the earth's surface. |
| Evaporation | the process by which water molecules in liquid water escape into the air as water vapor. |
| Humidity | a measure of the amount of water vapor in the air |
| Relative humidity | the percentage of water vapor in the air compared to the maximum amount the air could hold at that tempature |
| Psychrometer | an instrument used to measure relative humidity, consisting of a wet bulb and a dry thermometer. |
| Condensation | the process by which molecules of water vapor in the air becomes liquid water. |
| Dew point | the temperature at which condensation begins |
| Cumulus | clouds that form less than 2 kilometers above the ground and look like rounded piles of cotton |
| Stratus | clouds that form in flat layers |
| Cirrus | wispy, feathery clouds made mostly of ice crystals that form above at high levels, above about 6 kilometers |
| Precipitation | any form of water that falls from clouds and reaches earth's surface |
| Rain gauge | an instrument used to measure the amount of precipitation, consisting of an open-ended can topped by a funnel and having a collecting tube and a measuring scale inside. |
| Droughts | long periods of low precipitation. |
Created by:
mandij1602
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