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TRMS Rocks & Mineral
Rocks and Minerals
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Weathering | The process by which wind, water, ice, or gravity cause rocks to break down into smaller pieces |
| Sediment | smaller pieces of rock |
| Erosion | The process by which wind, water, ice, or gravity cause the movement of sediment from one place to another |
| Deposition | The process by which sediment moved by erosion settles/drops down in layers |
| Compaction | The process by which the weight of the deposited layers of sediment squeezes the sediment within the older layers. |
| Strata | layers of sedimentary rock |
| Cementation | The process by which water evaporates and the minerals dissolved in the compacted layers of sediment act as a natural glue when they crystallize to hold the sediment pieces together. |
| How are sedimentary rocks classified? | by how they form |
| Where do sedimentary rocks form? | at/near the Earth's surface |
| Clastic Rock | Sedimentary rocks that form when fragments of other rocks are compacted and cemented together. |
| Chemical Rock | Sedimentary rocks that form when minerals crystallize out of water. |
| Organic Rock | Sedimentary rocks that form when the decayed remains of plants and animals are compacted and cemented into rock. |
| How do metamorphic rocks form? | by heat and pressure |
| Where do igneous rocks form? | deep below the Earth's surface |
| Foliated Rock | Metamorphic rocks that have visible layers or bands |
| Nonfoliated Rock | Metamorphic rocks that have no visible layers or bands |
| Where do igneous rocks form? | above and below the Earth's surface |
| orgin | how and where a rock forms |
| How are rocks classified? | by their origin |
| What are the types (classifications) of igneous rocks? | intrusive and extrusive |
| What are the types (classifications) of sedimentary rocks? | chemical, clastic, and organic |
| What are the types (classifications) of metamorphic rocks? | foliated and nonfoliated |
| What are intrusive rocks? | Igneous rocks formed below Earth's surface |
| What are extrusive rocks? | Igneous rocks formed above Earth's surface |
| If you know an igneous rock has a coarse-grained texture, what other information do you know about the rock? | intrusive, made from magma, cools slowly below ground to form large crystals |
| If you know an igneous rock has a fine-grained texture, what other information do you know about the rock? | extrusive, made from lava, cools quickly above ground to form small crystals |
| If you know an igneous rock has a glassy texture, what other information do you know about the rock? | extrusive, made from lava, cools so quickly above ground that no crystals form |
| What is a rock? | a naturally-occurring solid mixture of one or more minerals, and possibly organic matter |
| What is a mineral? | a naturally occurring, inorganic solid that has a definite chemical composition (set of elements) and a crystal structure |
| What is the most common mineral type in Earth's crust? | silicates |
| What two elements make up silicates? | silicon and oxygen |
| What is the most common extrusive igneous rock found in the Earth's crust? | basalt |
| What is the most common intrusive igneous rock found in the Earth's crust? | granite |
| What type of rock are most fossil found? | sedimentary rock |
| ore | a rock that contains a useful mineral |
| smelting | the process of heating an ore to remove the useful mineral from the rock |
| reclamation | to return land that has been mined back to its original state |
| desertification | the process by which fertile land becomes like a desert, typically as a result of drought, deforestation, or inappropriate agriculture |
| What are some uses for minerals? | high-tech equipment, medicines, foods, and building materials |
| What are some uses for rocks? | building materials (roofs, tiles, concrete), cleaning products, statues and monuments |
| hardness | a mineral's resistance to being scratched |
| cleavage | when a mineral breaks into smooth, flat surfaces |
| fracture | when a mineral breaks into jagged or uneven surfaces |
| luster | the way a mineral reflects light |
| density | the amount of matter in a given space |
| What is the equation for density? | mass divided by volume |
| mass | the amount of matter in a substance |
| volume | the amount of space an object takes up |
| streak | the color of a mineral's powder |
| Mohs Hardness Scale | a scale ranging from 1 (softest) to 10 (hardest) that shows the scratch resistance of various minerals through the ability of a harder material to scratch a softer material. |
| Marble and Quartzite (Type of Rock and Classification) | nonfoliated metamorphic rocks |
| When looking at igneous rocks, how do you know which one cooled fastest? | The one with the smallest grains or no grains at all (glassy texture) |
| Gneiss and Slate (Type of Rock and Classification) | foliated metamorphic rocks |
| Why is limestone not a mineral? | This rock is made from shells, coral, and algae. Minerals must be inorganic. |
| Shale and Sandstone (Type of Rock and Classification) | clastic sedimentary rocks |
| Halite (Type of Rock and Classification) | a chemical sedimentary rock |
| Conglomerate and Brecchia (Type of Rock and Classification) | clastic sedimentary rocks |
| Coal (Type of Rock and Classification) | an organic sedimentary rock |
| What type of rock is limestone? What is its classification? | Sedimentary rock; This rock can be organic or chemical. |
Created by:
sciteacher6
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