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Cells
Cell structure and function
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Who from the 1600's coined the word "cells"? | Robert Hooke |
| Who from the 1600's used a single-lens microscope to look at pond water? | Anton van Leeuwenhoek |
| What are the three concepts of the cell theory? | All living things are made of cellsCells are the basic units of structure and function in living things.New cells are produced from existing cells. |
| Who concluded plants are made of cells? | Schleiden |
| Who concluded animals are made of cells? | Schwann |
| Who concluded that cells come from existing cells? | Virchow |
| Who concluded that structures in some cells were once free-living? | Margulis |
| What are cells that do not have a nucleus? | prokaryotes |
| What are cells that do have a nucleus? | Eukaryotes |
| What are the small stuctures in the cell called? | organelles |
| What is the cytoplasm? | jelly-like material that holds the organells |
| What is the nucleus? | contains most of the cells DNA. |
| What is the nuclear envelope or nuclear membrane? | The pore-like structure that surrounds the nucleus. |
| What is the function of the cytoplasm? | Provides structure for the cell and helps the organells move proteins. |
| What is the nucleus' function? | Gives all the instructions for the cell. |
| What is the function of the nuclear membrane? | Allow things to enter and leave the nucleus. |
| What is chromatin? | granular material in the nucleus consisting of DNA and protein |
| What is the function of the chromatin? | condenses to make chromosomes |
| What is the nucleoulus? | small, dense region in the nucleus |
| What is the function of the nucleoulus? | Where the assembly of ribosomes begins |
| What are ribosoomes? | small particles of RNA and protein |
| What is the function of ribosomes? | produce proteins by following coded instructions from DNA |
| What is the endoplasmic reticulum? | the organelle that is involved in transportation of materials |
| What is the names of the two types of endoplasmic reticulum? | smooth and rough |
| What is the function of the endoplasmic reticulum besides transportation? | lipid components of the cell membrane are assembled |
| What is a specific function of the rough endoplasmic reticulum? | the ribosomes are chemically modified |
| What is a specific function of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum? | synthesizes membrane lipids and detoxification of drugs |
| What does the rough endoplasmic reticulum look like? | a bunch of tunnels with ribosomes on them |
| What does the smooth endoplasmic reticulum look like? | a bunch of tunnels with no ribosomes on them |
| What is the golgi apparatus or golgi bodies? | an organelle involve in the the finishing touches of the ribosomes |
| What is the function of the golgi apparatus? | to modify, sort, and package proteins and other materials from the endoplasmic reticulum for storage or secretion |
| What does the golgi apparatus look like? | a bunch of flat pancakes |
| What are lysosomes? | small organelles filled with enzymes |
| What is the function of lysosomes? | to digest or breakdown lipids, carbohydrates, proteins, and useless organelles into small molecules |
| What is a vacuole? | storage units |
| what is the function of vacuoles? | store materials like wate, salts, proteins, and carbohydrates |
| What does the vacuole in a plant look like? | a single, large liquid filled vacuole |
| What is a contract vacuole? | some organisms have a vacuole that allows them to pump out excess water |
| What are mitochondria? | organelles that provide energy |
| What is the function of mitochondria? | converts chemical energy stored in food into compounds that the cell can use |
| Which sex does the mitochondria coome from? | the mother |
| What are chloroplasts? | organelles that are involved in photosynthesis |
| What is the function of organelles? | They capture the energy from sunlight and convert it into chemicals |
| What two organelles contain their own DNA? | mitochondria and chloroplast |
| What is the cytoskeleton? | A supporting structure and transporting system |
| What is the function of the cytoskeleton? | Helps maintain the cell's shape and helps with movement in the cell |
| What are microfilaments? | threadlike structures made of a protein called actin |
| What is the function of microfilaments? | assemble and disassemble for some organisms to move and give a framework for support in the cell |
| What are microtubules? | hollow structures made of proteins known as tubulins |
| What is the function of microtubules? | maintain the cells shape |
| What is the function of microtubules in animals? | form centrioles that are involved in cell division |
| What is a function of micrutbules for single cells? | build cilia and flagellum |
| What is the cell membrane? | lipid bilayer |
| What is the function of the cell membrane? | to allow things in and out of the cell and provide protection |
| What is a cell wall? | Only in plants and plant-like organisms outer layer |
| What is the function of the cell wall? | to provide support and protection |
Created by:
swalscit
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